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Avaliação da perigosidade e vulnerabilidade associadas a condições biometereológicas adversas no Município de Faro
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A região algarvia, na qual se insere o município de Faro, tende a ser afetada por
condições biometeorólogicas adversas, tais como ondas de calor e eventos de má
qualidade do ar (transporte e difusão de poeiras provenientes do norte de África).
A presente dissertação debruça-se na inventariação da ocorrência individual dos
fenómenos naturais referidos, apurando-se, posteriormente, a sua possível ocorrência
simultânea. Para cumprir este objetivo, foram utilizadas as séries meteorológicas das
estações de Faro/Aeroporto (1973-2016) e de São Brás de Alportel (1980-2013). Na
identificação de ondas de calor, a utilização de três métodos diferentes possibilitou a
comparação do critério atualmente considerado em Portugal para identificar ondas de
calor – o HWDI – com dois métodos recentes que têm o mesmo propósito – Météo-
France e EHF. Através desta inventariação, foi possível verificar que, se por um lado o
HWDI revela ser um método muito restritivo, o EHF afigura-se como um método mais
satisfatório, pois direciona-se para os efeitos do calor na saúde humana e permite uma
quantificação da intensidade das ondas de calor identificadas.
Com base no método EHF, verificou-se que a perigosidade associada a ondas de calor
aumenta do litoral para as áreas mais interiores do norte do concelho. Quanto à
vulnerabilidade, são a União de Freguesias de Conceição e Estoi e a União de Freguesias
de Faro (Sé e São Pedro) que apresentam uma população mais exposta e sensível aos
efeitos da ocorrência deste tipo de fenómeno extremo.
Foram também identificados eventos de má qualidade do ar, dos quais 56% ocorreram
em simultâneo com ondas de calor identificadas no município, ocorrendo com maior
frequência nos meses de julho e agosto.
Em 134 eventos de má qualidade do ar identificados nas estações de qualidade do ar
existentes na região algarvia, apenas em 10 foram registados dias em que o valor legal
diário de PM10 (50 μg/m3) foi ultrapassado, sendo sempre cumprido o valor legal anual
de PM10 (40 μg/m3), tanto na estação Joaquim Magalhães como na estação Cerro.
The Algarve region, which includes the Faro municipality, tends to be affected by adverse biometeorological conditions, such as heat waves and poor air quality events (transport and diffusion of dust from North Africa). The present dissertation focuses on the inventory of the individual occurrence of the natural phenomena referred, and later, their simultaneously occurrence. To achieve this objective, the meteorological series of Faro/Aeroporto (1973-2016) and of São Brás de Alportel (1980-2013) were used. In the identification of heat waves, the use of three distinctive methods made it possible to compare the current method considered in Portugal– HWDI – with two recent methods that have the same purpose – Météo-France and EHF. Through these inventory procedures, it was possible to verify that, firstly, the HWDI is a limiting and insufficient method, and second, the EHF is a more satisfactory method, since it is directed to the effects of heat on human health, allowing the quantification of the intensity of the identified heat waves. Based on the EHF method, it has been found the heat waves hazard increases from the coast to the inner parts for the Faro municipality. As for vulnerability, the União de Freguesias de de Conceição e Estoi and the União de Freguesias de Faro (Sé e São) are the parishes where the populations exposed and sensitive population to the occurrence of this phenomenon. Poor air quality events were identified, with 33% occurring simultaneously with the identified heat waves, occurring more frequently in the months of July and August. Among 134 poor air quality events identified in the air quality stations of the Algarve region, only 10 days were recorded exceedences of the daily legal limit of PM10 (50 μg/m3), although, the annual legal value of PM10 (40 μg/m3) never was exceed, both at the Joaquim Magalhães station and at the Cerro station.
The Algarve region, which includes the Faro municipality, tends to be affected by adverse biometeorological conditions, such as heat waves and poor air quality events (transport and diffusion of dust from North Africa). The present dissertation focuses on the inventory of the individual occurrence of the natural phenomena referred, and later, their simultaneously occurrence. To achieve this objective, the meteorological series of Faro/Aeroporto (1973-2016) and of São Brás de Alportel (1980-2013) were used. In the identification of heat waves, the use of three distinctive methods made it possible to compare the current method considered in Portugal– HWDI – with two recent methods that have the same purpose – Météo-France and EHF. Through these inventory procedures, it was possible to verify that, firstly, the HWDI is a limiting and insufficient method, and second, the EHF is a more satisfactory method, since it is directed to the effects of heat on human health, allowing the quantification of the intensity of the identified heat waves. Based on the EHF method, it has been found the heat waves hazard increases from the coast to the inner parts for the Faro municipality. As for vulnerability, the União de Freguesias de de Conceição e Estoi and the União de Freguesias de Faro (Sé e São) are the parishes where the populations exposed and sensitive population to the occurrence of this phenomenon. Poor air quality events were identified, with 33% occurring simultaneously with the identified heat waves, occurring more frequently in the months of July and August. Among 134 poor air quality events identified in the air quality stations of the Algarve region, only 10 days were recorded exceedences of the daily legal limit of PM10 (50 μg/m3), although, the annual legal value of PM10 (40 μg/m3) never was exceed, both at the Joaquim Magalhães station and at the Cerro station.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biometeorologia Onda de calor Eventos de má qualidade do ar Perigosidade Vulnerabilidade