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De queimas, linchamentos e tortura: a perseguição aos marginalizados no teatro santareniano
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho pretende analisar três peças do dramaturgo Bernardo Santa-reno – nomeadamente O Pecado de João Agonia, O crime de Aldeia Velha e Escritor, Português, Quarenta e Cinco Anos de Idade – acerca da maneira como a violência sim-bólica, um conceito de Pierre Bourdieu, é representada e facilita os atos cruéis contra os personagens principais. Dado que Santareno é ainda pouco considerado na pesquisa, es-pera-se com esta dissertação contribuir para a revisão e discussão da questão da «trans-gressão» nas suas peças.
Santareno integrou as suas observações de injustiça nas suas peças para criticar estruturas sociais e institucionais. Como as peças oferecem diferentes microcosmos com um número de personagens limitado, convém usar conceitos como a violência simbólica em combinação com outros conceitos sociológicos que abordam, por exemplo, estudos queer e de género bem como a questão do disciplinar segundo Foucault. Também não se pode esquecer que Santareno era um psiquiatra, o que torna indispensável uma conside-ração das reações e motivações internas dos elementos da hierarquia.
Primeiro, serão analisadas as «transgressões» dos personagens principais e como se constroem. Num próximo passo, será considerada a questão de quem está numa posi-ção de poder e como os outros personagens mostram cumplicidade ou oposição ao sis-tema. No decurso do trabalho, verifica-se que todos os personagens principais sofrem várias formas de violência simbólica – nem sempre de propósito ou com o objetivo de os outros personagens melhorarem a sua própria posição na hierarquia.
Também os personagens principais desempenham violência simbólica, ainda que seja em pequena escala. Outras vertentes que todas as peças têm em comum são o mo-mento de isolamento, que impede outros personagens de acionarem qualquer intervenção na injustiça, bem como a perda do ânimo dos personagens principais face ao seu destino. Finalmente, prova-se que as estruturas sociais estabelecidas nas peças se baseiam na his-toricidade que é referenciada pelos detentores de poder para justificar os atos cruéis.
This paper intends to analyse three plays by the playwright Bernardo Santareno - namely O Crime de Aldeia Velha, O Pecado de João Agonia, and Escritor, Português, Quarenta e Cinco Anos de Idade – in terms of how symbolic violence, a concept by Pierre Bourdieu, is represented and facilitates cruel acts against the main characters. Given that Santareno is still rather neglected in research, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the review and discussion of the issue of "transgression" in his plays. Santareno integrated his observations of injustice in his plays to criticise social and insti-tutional structures. As the plays offer different microcosms with a limited number of characters, it makes sense to use concepts like symbolic violence in combination with other sociological con-cepts that are addressing, for instance, queer and gender studies as well as the question of disci-pline according to Foucault. It should also be considered that Santareno was a psychiatrist, which makes it indispensable to regard the internal reactions and motivations of the hierarchy’s ele-ments. First, the "transgressions" of the main characters and how they are constructed will be analysed. In a next step, the question of who is in a position of power and how the other characters show complicity or opposition to this system will be considered. In the course of this work, it will turn out that all main characters suffer various forms of symbolic violence, albeit not always on purpose or with the aim of the other characters to improve their own position in the hierarchy. The main characters also use symbolic violence, albeit on a smaller scale. Other aspects that all the plays have in common are the moment of isolation, which prevents other characters from interfering with any injustice, as well as the main characters' resignation in the face of their fate. Finally, it also becomes clear that the social structures established in the plays are based on a historicity that is referenced by those in power to justify their cruel acts.
This paper intends to analyse three plays by the playwright Bernardo Santareno - namely O Crime de Aldeia Velha, O Pecado de João Agonia, and Escritor, Português, Quarenta e Cinco Anos de Idade – in terms of how symbolic violence, a concept by Pierre Bourdieu, is represented and facilitates cruel acts against the main characters. Given that Santareno is still rather neglected in research, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the review and discussion of the issue of "transgression" in his plays. Santareno integrated his observations of injustice in his plays to criticise social and insti-tutional structures. As the plays offer different microcosms with a limited number of characters, it makes sense to use concepts like symbolic violence in combination with other sociological con-cepts that are addressing, for instance, queer and gender studies as well as the question of disci-pline according to Foucault. It should also be considered that Santareno was a psychiatrist, which makes it indispensable to regard the internal reactions and motivations of the hierarchy’s ele-ments. First, the "transgressions" of the main characters and how they are constructed will be analysed. In a next step, the question of who is in a position of power and how the other characters show complicity or opposition to this system will be considered. In the course of this work, it will turn out that all main characters suffer various forms of symbolic violence, albeit not always on purpose or with the aim of the other characters to improve their own position in the hierarchy. The main characters also use symbolic violence, albeit on a smaller scale. Other aspects that all the plays have in common are the moment of isolation, which prevents other characters from interfering with any injustice, as well as the main characters' resignation in the face of their fate. Finally, it also becomes clear that the social structures established in the plays are based on a historicity that is referenced by those in power to justify their cruel acts.
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Keywords
Santareno, Bernardo, pseud. - Crítica e interpretação Santareno, Bernardo, pseud., pseud. - Personagens O Pecado de João Agonia O crime de Aldeia Velha Português, escritor, quarenta e cinco anos de idade Teatro português - séc.20 - História e crítica Violência - Aspectos sociais - Na literatura Habitus (Sociologia) - Na literatura Justiça social - Na literatura Teses de mestrado - 2022