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Exposição ocupacional ao ruído em unidades de cuidados intensivos numa unidade hospitalar da Grande Lisboa
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Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que os níveis de pressão sonora em meio hospitalar são superiores aos recomendados pelas organizações internacionais, nomeadamente, em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI’s), podendo os valores médios de LAeq variar entre 55 e 70 dB(A), com valores máximos entre 80 e 120 dB(A). O objectivo geral deste estudo foi investigar a relação existente entre a exposição ao ruído nas UCI’s e a percepção dos profissionais de saúde de sinais e sintomas e da sensibilidade individual ao ruído.
Neste estudo, avaliou-se o nível sonoro contínuo equivalente, ponderado A (LAeq) e o nível de pressão sonora de pico (LCpico), determinando o nível de exposição diária ao ruído ocupacional (LEX,8h) e estabelecendo os acontecimentos que determinaram os níveis de ruído obtidos. Aplicou-se uma check-list para caracterização das condições de trabalho e a metodologia Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA) para quantificar o nível de risco associando as tarefas com a exposição ao ruído ocupacional. Caracterizou-se a percepção individual dos sinais e sintomas e da exposição ao ruído, com a aplicação da escala da Sensibilidade Individual ao Ruído.
Nas três unidades avaliadas, os níveis de pressão sonora foram superiores aos recomendados pelas organizações internacionais, obtendo-se uma variação de LAeq entre 54,9 e 61,2 dB(A) para o período diurno e de 50,4 a 58,2 dB(A) para o período nocturno. Foram identificadas as principais fontes (alarmes dos monitores, manutenção inadequada dos equipamentos rodados, esmagamento manual de comprimidos…). Os profissionais de saúde têm percepção da existência de ruído nos seus locais de trabalho e das consequências na sua qualidade de vida (diminuição da concentração (60%), irritabilidade (43,5%), alterações de humor (37,6%), cefaleias (32,9%), stresse (21,2%)). Foram definidas medidas de prevenção / correctivas custo efectivas de modo a minimizar ou eliminar a emissão de ruído na fonte.
Several studies have shown that the sound pressure levels in hospitals are higher than those recommended by international organizations namely in intensive care units, ranging between 55 and 70 dB (A) of LAeq, with maximum values between 80 and 120 dB (A). The overall aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between exposure to noise on ICU and its influence on health professionals in terms of perception of signs and symptoms and individual sensitivity to noise. In this study, it was evaluated the equivalent continuous sound level (LAeq) and the sound pressure level peak (LCpico), determining the level of daily occupational noise exposure (LEX,8h) and establishing the events that determined the noise levels obtained. At the same time, it was applied a checklist to characterize the working conditions and the Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA) methodology to quantify the level of risk associating the tasks with occupational noise exposure. It was applied a questionnaire to characterize the individual perception of the signs and symptoms and exposure to noise as well as the application range of individual sensitivity to noise. It was verified thatin the three units assessed, the sound pressure levels were higher than those recommended by international organizations, resulting in a range of LAeq between 54.9 and 61.2 dB(A) through the daytime period and 50.4 to 58.2 dB(A) for night time. Likewise, it was also possible to establish the main causes that interfere with noise level (alarm monitors, improper maintenance of wheeled equipment, manual crushing of pills...). Health professionals are aware of the existence of noise in their workplaces and that can have an impact on their quality of life (decreased concentration (60%), irritability (43.5%), mood swings (37.6 %), headache (32.9%), stress (21.2%)). Preventive / corrective measures were defined, to minimize exposure or to eliminate the emission of noise at the source.
Several studies have shown that the sound pressure levels in hospitals are higher than those recommended by international organizations namely in intensive care units, ranging between 55 and 70 dB (A) of LAeq, with maximum values between 80 and 120 dB (A). The overall aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between exposure to noise on ICU and its influence on health professionals in terms of perception of signs and symptoms and individual sensitivity to noise. In this study, it was evaluated the equivalent continuous sound level (LAeq) and the sound pressure level peak (LCpico), determining the level of daily occupational noise exposure (LEX,8h) and establishing the events that determined the noise levels obtained. At the same time, it was applied a checklist to characterize the working conditions and the Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA) methodology to quantify the level of risk associating the tasks with occupational noise exposure. It was applied a questionnaire to characterize the individual perception of the signs and symptoms and exposure to noise as well as the application range of individual sensitivity to noise. It was verified thatin the three units assessed, the sound pressure levels were higher than those recommended by international organizations, resulting in a range of LAeq between 54.9 and 61.2 dB(A) through the daytime period and 50.4 to 58.2 dB(A) for night time. Likewise, it was also possible to establish the main causes that interfere with noise level (alarm monitors, improper maintenance of wheeled equipment, manual crushing of pills...). Health professionals are aware of the existence of noise in their workplaces and that can have an impact on their quality of life (decreased concentration (60%), irritability (43.5%), mood swings (37.6 %), headache (32.9%), stress (21.2%)). Preventive / corrective measures were defined, to minimize exposure or to eliminate the emission of noise at the source.
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Ruído ocupacional EWA Sensibilidade individual ao ruído Unidade de cuidados intensivos Nível de pressão sonora Weinstein´s Noise Sensitivity Scale Profissionais de saúde Hospitais Exposição ocupacional Saúde ocupacional Occupational noise Individual sensitivity to noise Intensive care unit Sound pressure levels Health professionals Hospitals Occupational exposure Occupational health