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Uma aproximação jurídica internacional à globalização
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O estudo realizado no âmbito desta dissertação de mestrado centra-se numa aproximação jurídica internacional à globalização. A globalização é um fenómeno que pressupõe a integração entre indivíduos, empresas e governos de todo o mundo. Este processo ganhou maior expressão através do comércio, investimentos internacionais, e pelo uso das tecnologias de informação. São assinaláveis as implicações no meio ambiente, na cultura, nos sistemas políticos, no desenvolvimento económico e nos níveis de bem-estar em termos planetários. Os atores não-estatais têm cada vez maior importância no mundo contemporâneo, muitas destas entidades integram os sistemas jurídicos nacionais e participam cada vez mais na transnacionalização do direito internacional. Este evoluiu para para um quadro central no sistema emergente da governança global, nele se encontram os mecanismos normativos para o estabelecimento de organizações governamentais internacionais (OGIs) e os mecanismos de resposta internacionais a grandes questões, por exemplo: a proliferação nuclear, alterações climáticas, gestão dos oceanos, funcionamento do sistema do comércio mundial. Neste sentido, o direito transnacional assume-se como uma espécie de direito global, promovendo a cooperação além das fronteiras políticas e geográficas.
A crescente importância da governança global aumentou a hipótese de conflitos entre o direito internacional e o direito constitucional interno, surgiram questões de hierarquia e procuraram-se novas formas de resolução dos conflitos. Perante a inexistência de um poder institucional internacional abrangente capaz de resolver juridicamente as questões, a política ganha redobrada importância. A sociedade civil, nos seus diversos desdobramentos, tem tido um papel fundamental na adoção de tratados de referência na área ambiental e dos direitos humanos, desempenhando um papel cada vez mais importante na criação de normas internacionais.
A soberania como eixo fundamental do direito internacional público tem vindo a ganhar novos contornos e os Estados têm de se adaptar aos novos desafios colocados pelo fenómeno da globalização.
The research carried out during this Master's Thesis focuses on an international legal approach to globalization. Globalization is a phenomenon that entails integration between individuals, corporations and governments around the world. This process has gained greater expression through trade, international investment, and the use of information technologies. The implications for the environment, well-being, culture, political systems, economic development in worldwide terms are noteworthy. Non-state actors are increasingly important in the contemporary world, many of these entities are part of national legal systems and increasingly participate in the transnationalization of international law. International Law has evolved into a central framework in the emerging system of global governance. In it we can find the normative mechanisms for the establishment of International Government Organization's (IGOs) and international response mechanisms to major issues. For example: nuclear proliferation, climate change, ocean management, and the operation of the world trade system. In this sense, transnational law assumes itself as a kind of global law, promoting cooperation beyond political and geographical boundaries. The growing importance of global governance has increased the chance for conflicts between international law and domestic constitutional law, questions of hierarchy have arisen and new ways of solving conflicts have been sought. In the absence of a comprehensive international institutional power capable of legally solving the issues, policy gains added importance. Civil society, in its various developments, has performed a key role in the adoption of environmental and human rights treaties, playing an increasingly important role in the creation of international standards. The idea of sovereignty as the fundamental axis of public international law has gained new contours and States have to adapt to the new challenges posed by the phenomenon of globalization.
The research carried out during this Master's Thesis focuses on an international legal approach to globalization. Globalization is a phenomenon that entails integration between individuals, corporations and governments around the world. This process has gained greater expression through trade, international investment, and the use of information technologies. The implications for the environment, well-being, culture, political systems, economic development in worldwide terms are noteworthy. Non-state actors are increasingly important in the contemporary world, many of these entities are part of national legal systems and increasingly participate in the transnationalization of international law. International Law has evolved into a central framework in the emerging system of global governance. In it we can find the normative mechanisms for the establishment of International Government Organization's (IGOs) and international response mechanisms to major issues. For example: nuclear proliferation, climate change, ocean management, and the operation of the world trade system. In this sense, transnational law assumes itself as a kind of global law, promoting cooperation beyond political and geographical boundaries. The growing importance of global governance has increased the chance for conflicts between international law and domestic constitutional law, questions of hierarchy have arisen and new ways of solving conflicts have been sought. In the absence of a comprehensive international institutional power capable of legally solving the issues, policy gains added importance. Civil society, in its various developments, has performed a key role in the adoption of environmental and human rights treaties, playing an increasingly important role in the creation of international standards. The idea of sovereignty as the fundamental axis of public international law has gained new contours and States have to adapt to the new challenges posed by the phenomenon of globalization.
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Direito internacional Globalização Governança global Sociedade civil Soberania Teses de mestrado - 2018