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Versão portuguesa da escala do medo da felicidade : primeiros estudos psicométricos
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O foco nas emoções positivas e na felicidade dos indivíduos tem sido um alvo de recentes linhas de investigação em Psicologia. Vários estudos procuraram compreender como é que estas emoções positivas são experienciadas de forma negativa e, por vezes, evitadas. O presente estudo incidiu sobre um constructo proposto recentemente neste contexto científico, o medo da felicidade, definido como a crença de que a felicidade traz consequências negativas. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal desta investigação foi o de traduzir e contribuir para a validação da versão portuguesa da Escala do Medo da Felicidade. Os participantes foram 325 estudantes universitários entre os 18 e os 54 de idade divididos em duas amostras distintas, uma cujos dados foram recolhidos presencialmente (n=118) e outra cujos dados foram recolhidos online (n=205).
Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória e da análise fatorial confirmatória indicaram que a estrutura fatorial da escala era unidimensional, à semelhança do que tinha sido verificado nos estudos originais. Relativamente à fiabilidade, os valores de consistência interna avaliados através do alfa de Cronbach foram considerados bons. Quanto aos resultados relativos às diferenças entre grupos, não se verificaram diferenças de acordo com o sexo. Encontraram-se diferenças de acordo com o estatuto relacional: os participantes numa relação amorosa apresentaram menos medo da felicidade do que aqueles que não se encontravam numa relação. O medo da felicidade apresentou uma correlação negativa moderada com a satisfação com a vida, o afeto positivo e a esperança e uma correlação também moderada mas positiva com o afeto negativo. O medo da felicidade estava correlacionado negativamente com a idade. Finalmente, para atestar a validade preditiva da escala, verificou-se que o medo da felicidade, controlando variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, presença de relação amorosa atual) e psicossociais (afeto positivo, negativo e esperança) era um preditor significativo da satisfação com a vida. Em conclusão, a versão portuguesa da Escala do Medo da Felicidade apresentou boas qualidades psicométricas no presente estudo. A disponibilização desta escala no contexto português permitirá o desenvolvimento de investigação relevante para a compreensão da vivência da felicidade e permitirá que futuros estudos contribuam de forma significativa para a intervenção psicológica, em particular, para a prática clínica.
Recent approaches in Psychology have focused on positive emotions and perceptions of happiness. Several studies have attempted to understand how positive emotions are experienced negatively and even avoided. The present study addressed a newly developed construct labelled fear of happiness, defined as the belief that happiness has negative consequences. The main goal of this research was to translate the Fear of Happiness Scale and to contribute to validate its Portuguese version. Participants were 325 university students between 18 and 54 years old, divided in two samples. For the first one (n=118) data was collected at the university setting in the classroom context; for the second one (n=205), data collection took place online. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses showed that the scale was unidimensional, in line with the original studies. With regard to reliability, the scale’s internal consistency, examined with Cronbach’s alpha, was considered good. Mean comparisons showed that there were no differences in fear of happiness according to sex. We found significant differences according to relationship status: participants in a romantic relationship reported lower levels of fear of happiness compared to their counterparts who were not in a relationship. Fear of happiness showed a moderate negative correlation with life satisfaction, positive affect and hope, and a moderate positive correlation with negative affect. Fear of happiness was also negatively correlated with age. Finally, in order to attest the predictive validity of this scale, we found that fear of happiness, after controlling for sociodemographic (age, sex, and relationship status) and psychosocial variables (positive and negative affect, hope) was a significant predictor of life satisfaction for university students. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the Fear of Happiness Scale showed good psychometric properties in this study. The availability of this scale in the Portuguese context will allow to develop meaningful research addressing the experience of happiness; it will also propel future studies contributing to psychological interventions, namely for clinical practice.
Recent approaches in Psychology have focused on positive emotions and perceptions of happiness. Several studies have attempted to understand how positive emotions are experienced negatively and even avoided. The present study addressed a newly developed construct labelled fear of happiness, defined as the belief that happiness has negative consequences. The main goal of this research was to translate the Fear of Happiness Scale and to contribute to validate its Portuguese version. Participants were 325 university students between 18 and 54 years old, divided in two samples. For the first one (n=118) data was collected at the university setting in the classroom context; for the second one (n=205), data collection took place online. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses showed that the scale was unidimensional, in line with the original studies. With regard to reliability, the scale’s internal consistency, examined with Cronbach’s alpha, was considered good. Mean comparisons showed that there were no differences in fear of happiness according to sex. We found significant differences according to relationship status: participants in a romantic relationship reported lower levels of fear of happiness compared to their counterparts who were not in a relationship. Fear of happiness showed a moderate negative correlation with life satisfaction, positive affect and hope, and a moderate positive correlation with negative affect. Fear of happiness was also negatively correlated with age. Finally, in order to attest the predictive validity of this scale, we found that fear of happiness, after controlling for sociodemographic (age, sex, and relationship status) and psychosocial variables (positive and negative affect, hope) was a significant predictor of life satisfaction for university students. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the Fear of Happiness Scale showed good psychometric properties in this study. The availability of this scale in the Portuguese context will allow to develop meaningful research addressing the experience of happiness; it will also propel future studies contributing to psychological interventions, namely for clinical practice.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Medo Felicidade Contexto cultural Análise factorial Teses de mestrado - 2016