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Este trabalho pretende ser uma contribuição para o estudo da eficiência energética dos sistemas de iluminação em auto-estradas. Neste contexto, estudou-se o sistema de iluminação instalado no Nó de Évora Poente da auto-estrada A6 numa perspetiva fotométrica, energética e financeira e avaliou-se o impacto de propostas de eficiência energética para a remodelação desse sistema. As propostas apresentadas pretendem conciliar uma diminuição de custos de operação e manutenção por parte da concessionária, com a manutenção de boas condições de iluminação para os utentes, avaliadas no contexto de normas e recomendações europeias. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os requisitos de luminância e iluminância impostos para este tipo de vias de comunicação pela norma EN13201 não foram observados no projeto luminotécnico do caso de estudo. No entanto, a conformidade com esta norma poderia ser obtida através de duas remodelações: i) Pequena redução da altura das colunas das luminárias e ii) Substituição das lâmpadas de vapor de sódio de alta pressão (VSAP) por lâmpadas VSAP com maior emissão de lúmens por watt. Este estudo mostra igualmente que as luminárias VSAP instaladas no local são atualmente as mais adequadas para locais deste tipo, sendo previsível que, havendo uma redução significativa dos seus atuais custos, as luminárias LED possam vir a ser competitivas, sobretudo no caso de projetos de iluminação feitos de raiz. Relativamente à situação atual, a já referida diminuição das alturas das colunas de suporte e instalação de lâmpadas com maior emissão de lúmens por watt, e a substituição dos balastros ferromagnéticos por balastros eletrónicos, mantendo as luminárias atuais, poderiam permitir, além do cumprimento integral da norma, uma poupança energética de 35%, se fossem efetuadas reduções de intensidade luminosa em períodos de baixo tráfego, à luz do disposto na recomendação CIE115:2010. O período de retorno correspondente a esta substituição dos balastros foi calculado em 2,7 anos. Com a remodelação das armaduras VSAP para LED com regulador de fluxo limitado a 50% de redução de potência luminosa, consegue-se uma poupança energética de 43% com um período de retorno superior a 40 anos. Ficou claro que, no futuro, a área da iluminação em auto-estradas irá seguramente ser alvo de muitas otimizações de forma a reduzir os custos para as concessionárias e aumentar a segurança durante a tarefa de condução. Assim, este trabalho é um contributo para que se inicie estudos mais aprofundados sobre sistemas de iluminação eficientes para auto-estrada.
This work aims be a contribution to the study of energy efficiency of lighting systems on highways. In this context, we studied the lighting system on interchange Évora Poente of the A6 highway at a perspective photometric, energy and financial and evaluated the impact of energy efficiency proposals for the retrofit of that system. The proposals presented intend to combine a decrease in operation and maintenance costs by the utility, while maintaining good lighting conditions for the users, evaluated in the context of European standards and recommendations. The results show that the requirements of the luminance and illuminance required for this type of road topology, by standard EN13201, were not observed in this project. However, the conformity with this standard could be obtained through two retrofits: i) Slight reduction in height of luminaires columns and ii) Replacement of the high pressure sodium lamps (HPS) by HPS lamps with higher lumen output per watt. This study also shows that the HPS luminaires installed at the site are currently the most appropriate to this location’s topology, and it is expected that with a significant reduction in their current costs, LED luminaires may become competitive, particularly for lighting projects made from beginning. Regarding the current situation, the previous mentioned decrease in the height of luminaires columns and installation of lamps with higher lumen output per watt, and replacing the ferromagnetic ballasts by electronic ballasts, while keeping the current luminaires, could allow, in the addition of full compliance of the standard, an energy saving of 35%, if they were made luminous intensity reduction in periods of low traffic, according to the requirements of the recommendation CIE115: 2010. The payback period corresponding to the replacement of the ballasts was calculated to be 2.7 years. The retrofit of the luminaires HPS to LED with dimmers limited to the 50% reduction in the light output, achieves energy savings of 43% with a payback period exceeding 40 years. Became clear that, in the future, the lighting on highways will certainly be the target of many optimizations to reduce the costs for utilities and increase safety during the driving task. This work is a contribution to that start deeper studies on efficient lighting systems for highways.
This work aims be a contribution to the study of energy efficiency of lighting systems on highways. In this context, we studied the lighting system on interchange Évora Poente of the A6 highway at a perspective photometric, energy and financial and evaluated the impact of energy efficiency proposals for the retrofit of that system. The proposals presented intend to combine a decrease in operation and maintenance costs by the utility, while maintaining good lighting conditions for the users, evaluated in the context of European standards and recommendations. The results show that the requirements of the luminance and illuminance required for this type of road topology, by standard EN13201, were not observed in this project. However, the conformity with this standard could be obtained through two retrofits: i) Slight reduction in height of luminaires columns and ii) Replacement of the high pressure sodium lamps (HPS) by HPS lamps with higher lumen output per watt. This study also shows that the HPS luminaires installed at the site are currently the most appropriate to this location’s topology, and it is expected that with a significant reduction in their current costs, LED luminaires may become competitive, particularly for lighting projects made from beginning. Regarding the current situation, the previous mentioned decrease in the height of luminaires columns and installation of lamps with higher lumen output per watt, and replacing the ferromagnetic ballasts by electronic ballasts, while keeping the current luminaires, could allow, in the addition of full compliance of the standard, an energy saving of 35%, if they were made luminous intensity reduction in periods of low traffic, according to the requirements of the recommendation CIE115: 2010. The payback period corresponding to the replacement of the ballasts was calculated to be 2.7 years. The retrofit of the luminaires HPS to LED with dimmers limited to the 50% reduction in the light output, achieves energy savings of 43% with a payback period exceeding 40 years. Became clear that, in the future, the lighting on highways will certainly be the target of many optimizations to reduce the costs for utilities and increase safety during the driving task. This work is a contribution to that start deeper studies on efficient lighting systems for highways.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2013
Palavras-chave
Iluminação de Auto-Estrada Eficiência energética EN13201 CIE115:2010 LED Teses de mestrado - 2013
