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Condicionantes bioclimáticas para a realização de atividades agrícolas na Guiné-Bissau
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A informação bioclimática é essencial, não só para que o ordenamento do território
seja efetuado de forma eficaz, mas também para a mitigação dos efeitos das condições
ambientais adversas para a saúde.
O presente trabalho tem em vista a análise de índices de stress térmico como o
UTCI, o HI e o WBGT para determinar a severidade do desconforto em ambiente exterior e
para identificar o período em que as condições de stress térmico são mais desfavoráveis
aos agricultores na Guiné-Bissau. Para tal, foram utilizados dados da rede meteorológica do
projeto DeSIRA Malmon, para três estações em diferentes zonas do país: Cacheu, a norte,
Bissorã, no centro, e em Cafine, no litoral sul.
Concluiu-se que é evidente a influência de fatores geográficos na variação espacial
do desconforto térmico, uma vez que a estação localizada mais a sul, Cafine, apresenta
valores médios de UTCI mais elevados, seguindo-se a estação que representa o interior
(Bissorã) e Cacheu a norte, com temperaturas menos elevadas.
Os camponeses executam tarefas que requerem grande esforço físico, em terrenos
alagados e tendo de suportar calor intenso, com a forte humidade do ar a limitar a
evaporação da transpiração, obrigando o organismo a um grande esforço termorregulatório.
Os períodos mais críticos para a realização do trabalho agrícola em termos de conforto
térmico são os períodos entre abril e outubro, no intervalo entre as 9 horas e as 20 horas,
devido aos elevados valores de UTCI que variam entre 25 ºC e 40 ºC, correspondendo às
classes de desconforto ‘stress térmico moderado’, ‘stress térmico forte’ e ‘stress térmico
muito forte’. Este período coincide com as atividades físicas mais intensas exigidas pelas
tarefas agrícolas no calendário de cultivo do arroz.
Bioclimatic information is essential, not only for spatial planning to be carried out effectively, but also for mitigating the effects of adverse environmental conditions on health. The present work aims to analyze thermal stress indices such as UTCI, HI and WBGT to determine the severity of discomfort in an outdoor environment and to identify the period in which thermal stress conditions are most unfavorable for farmers in Guinea-Bissau. For this purpose, data from the meteorological network of the DeSIRA Malmon project was used for three stations in different areas of the country: Cacheu, in the north, Bissorã, in the center, and in Cafine, on the south coast. It was concluded that the influence of geographic factors on the spatial variation of thermal discomfort is evident, since the station located further south, Cafine, presents higher average UTCI values, followed by the station that represents the interior (Bissorã) and Cacheu to the north, with lower temperatures. Farmers perform tasks that require great physical effort on flooded land and having to endure intense heat, with the high humidity in the air limiting the evaporation of perspiration, forcing the body to make a great thermoregulatory effort. The most critical periods for carrying out agricultural work in terms of thermal comfort are the periods between April and October, between 9 am and 8 pm, due to the high UTCI values that vary between 25 ºC and 40 ºC, corresponding to the discomfort classes 'moderate thermal stress', 'strong thermal stress' and 'very strong thermal stress'. This period coincides with the most intense physical activities required by agricultural tasks in the rice cultivation calendar.
Bioclimatic information is essential, not only for spatial planning to be carried out effectively, but also for mitigating the effects of adverse environmental conditions on health. The present work aims to analyze thermal stress indices such as UTCI, HI and WBGT to determine the severity of discomfort in an outdoor environment and to identify the period in which thermal stress conditions are most unfavorable for farmers in Guinea-Bissau. For this purpose, data from the meteorological network of the DeSIRA Malmon project was used for three stations in different areas of the country: Cacheu, in the north, Bissorã, in the center, and in Cafine, on the south coast. It was concluded that the influence of geographic factors on the spatial variation of thermal discomfort is evident, since the station located further south, Cafine, presents higher average UTCI values, followed by the station that represents the interior (Bissorã) and Cacheu to the north, with lower temperatures. Farmers perform tasks that require great physical effort on flooded land and having to endure intense heat, with the high humidity in the air limiting the evaporation of perspiration, forcing the body to make a great thermoregulatory effort. The most critical periods for carrying out agricultural work in terms of thermal comfort are the periods between April and October, between 9 am and 8 pm, due to the high UTCI values that vary between 25 ºC and 40 ºC, corresponding to the discomfort classes 'moderate thermal stress', 'strong thermal stress' and 'very strong thermal stress'. This period coincides with the most intense physical activities required by agricultural tasks in the rice cultivation calendar.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alterações climáticas Camponeses Guiné-Bissau Conforto térmico