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Da relevância penal do Stealthing no ordenamento jurídico Português : contributo para o estudo do bem jurídico liberdade sexual
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Os casos de Stealthing, caracterizados pela retirada ou manipulação do preservativo não consentidas, há muito tempo que vinham sendo debatidos em vários tribunais internacionais, embora não lhe tenha sido dado um nome próprio nem uma conotação de fenómeno. Nos tribunais desenrolaram-se argumentações bastante diversas, variando em função das características da legislação penal dos países em causa.
Foi percetível que a solução a dar aos casos de Stealthing, se hipoteticamente ocorressem em Portugal, teria necessariamente que partir de um estudo acerca do direito penal sexual português. Esse foi o objetivo principal deste trabalho: pôr a descoberto vias de solução para casos como estes nos tribunais portugueses.
Para tal, desenvolvemos um primeiro aprofundamento sobre a colocação da liberdade sexual na CRP Portuguesa, reveladora da sua importância para o nosso ordenamento jurídico. O princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana manifestou-se como fundamento constitucional suficiente onde apoiar este bem jurídico, apesar da inevitável constatação da ausência de norma direta,
Só depois foi possível compreender o conteúdo do próprio bem jurídico e como a clara distinção das suas vertentes- especificamente a vertente positiva: caracterizada pela liberdade de cada pessoa na conformação da sua vida sexual- permite conceber os casos de Stealthing como lesivos do bem jurídico em questão.
Foi vital, para as conclusões a que chegámos, o percurso que se trilhou na procura de respostas quanto à validade do consentimento em situações com a configuração que apresenta o Stealthing. Os contributos da doutrina internacional, inequivocamente mais preparada para enquadrar o Stealthing, tornaram-se cruciais para defendermos que muito há ainda a fazer no transporte para os tipos penais, da relevância do consentimento, especialmente no caso dos crimes sexuais, onde o ponto-chave é precisamente a ausência de vontade (livre) da vítima.
A finalização deste trabalho não poderia deixar de passar por tentar enquadrar a resposta penal que a nossa atual lei consegue prestar aos casos em estudo.
A análise revelou que, embora a letra da lei não seja tão clara como a proteção deste bem jurídico exigiria, as possibilidades de inserção do Stealthing nos tipos penais existentes são razoavelmente afirmativas.
The cases of Stealthing, characterized by the non-consented withdrawal or manipulation of the condom, have long been debated in several international courts, although not giving them a name and a connotation as a phenomenon. Quite a few arguments were conducted in courts, varying according to the features of the criminal law of the concerned countries. It was perceptible that the solution to Stealthing cases, if hypothetically occurring in Portugal, would necessarily have to be based on a study of Portuguese sexual criminal law. This was the main objective of this work: to uncover ways of solving cases like these in Portuguese courts. In order to accomplish this, we developed a first deepening on the placement of sexual freedom in the Portuguese Constitution, revealing or not its importance to our legal system. The principle of dignity of the human person has proved to represent a sufficient constitutional basis to support sexual freedom, despite the unavoidable recognition of the absence of a direct norm. Only afterwards, it was possible to understand the content of the legal good itself and how the clear distinction of its aspects - specifically the positive side: the freedom of each person to conform the respective sexual life - allows to conceive cases of Stealthing damaging the legal good in question. The course of this study was vital to search for answers regarding the validity of consent in situations of initial consented involvement in a sexual relationship. The contributions of international doctrine, unequivocally better suited to frame Stealthing, have become vital for us to argue that there is still much to be done in transportation for the criminal types, the relevance of consent, especially in the case of sexual crimes, where the key point is precisely the absence of (free) will of the victim. The completion of this work could not fail to try to frame the criminal response that our present law could provide to the cases under study. The analysis has shown that although the letter of the law is not as clear as the protection of this legal right would require, the possibilities of inserting Stealthing into existing criminal types are reasonably affirmative.
The cases of Stealthing, characterized by the non-consented withdrawal or manipulation of the condom, have long been debated in several international courts, although not giving them a name and a connotation as a phenomenon. Quite a few arguments were conducted in courts, varying according to the features of the criminal law of the concerned countries. It was perceptible that the solution to Stealthing cases, if hypothetically occurring in Portugal, would necessarily have to be based on a study of Portuguese sexual criminal law. This was the main objective of this work: to uncover ways of solving cases like these in Portuguese courts. In order to accomplish this, we developed a first deepening on the placement of sexual freedom in the Portuguese Constitution, revealing or not its importance to our legal system. The principle of dignity of the human person has proved to represent a sufficient constitutional basis to support sexual freedom, despite the unavoidable recognition of the absence of a direct norm. Only afterwards, it was possible to understand the content of the legal good itself and how the clear distinction of its aspects - specifically the positive side: the freedom of each person to conform the respective sexual life - allows to conceive cases of Stealthing damaging the legal good in question. The course of this study was vital to search for answers regarding the validity of consent in situations of initial consented involvement in a sexual relationship. The contributions of international doctrine, unequivocally better suited to frame Stealthing, have become vital for us to argue that there is still much to be done in transportation for the criminal types, the relevance of consent, especially in the case of sexual crimes, where the key point is precisely the absence of (free) will of the victim. The completion of this work could not fail to try to frame the criminal response that our present law could provide to the cases under study. The analysis has shown that although the letter of the law is not as clear as the protection of this legal right would require, the possibilities of inserting Stealthing into existing criminal types are reasonably affirmative.
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Direito penal Stealthing Liberdade Sexual Bem Jurídico Consentimento Direito Penal Sexual Teses de mestrado - 2020