Publicação
A vinculação das sociedades transnacionais aos direitos humanos
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Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo demonstrar a evolução da importância das sociedades transnacionais no panorama político e económico internacional bem como na garantia do respeito pelos Direitos Humanos para podermos perceber a necessidade de se avançar com um esforço legislativo no sentido de tornar efetiva a vinculação das sociedades transnacionais aos direitos humanos. Esta necessidade surge da articulação entre a crescente importância social das sociedades transnacionais, por empregarem muito milhares de cidadãos e terem um potencial de violação de direitos humanos muito grande e com a insuficiência dos mecanismos existentes para garantirem o efetivo respeito dos direitos humanos bem como do acesso à justiça por quem viu os seus direitos violados.
Por outro lado assistimos hoje em dia a uma crescente preocupação internacional com a garantia do respeito pelos direitos humanos nas práticas corporativas, como tal existe um Grupo de Trabalho que pretende a realização de uma convenção internacional sobre esta questão e como tal pediu contribuições estatais bem como de organizações não governamentais; destas contribuições retira-se uma grande vontade internacional em se avançar para esta convenção bem como um reforçar de que ela de facto é necessária.
É igualmente importante dizer que estamos perante uma questão no direito internacional que é controvertida, a aplicação de direito internacional a sujeitos de direito privado, nomeadamente sociedades comerciais que creio que se justifica que se responsa afirmativamente a esta questão; outra questão que abordo é o carácter marcadamente politico do direito internacional que pode influenciar o desfecho das negociações e o futuro desta questão; no entanto as lições foram retiradas e o modelo da Sociedade das Nações não se voltará a repetir e serão pensados todos os interesses que se sentam à mesa das negociações.
Por fim dizer que esta está longe de ser uma matéria dada como adquirida, existem ainda muitas questões e muitos desafios que necessitam de ser considerados, mas no geral creio que existe uma necessidade e uma vontade e assim está tudo pronto para que se avance e se elabore uma convenção que vincule as sociedades transnacionais aos direitos humanos
This work has a main objective that is demonstrate the evolution of the transnational corporations importance in the international political and economic prospect as well as the guarantee of the respect for the Human Rights, so that we can understand the necessity to advance with a legislative effort to make sure that Transnational corporations are under the human rights scope. This need arises from the articulation between the growing social importance of transnational corporations, mainly because they employ many thousands of citizens and have a great potential for human rights Violations, and the ilack of mechanisms to ensure the effective respect of human rights as well as the access to justice for those who saw their rights violated. On the other hand, we are now witnessing a growing international concern about ensuring respect for human rights in corporate practices. As such a Working Group was created to ensure that an international convention on this issue was created and for that contributions were requested to states as well as to non-governmental organizations; of these contributions, there was a great international willingness to move towards this Convention as well as to reinforce that it is in fact necessary. It is also important to say that we are dealing with an issue in international law that is controversial, the application of international law to private law subjects, specialy commercial companies, which I think justify an affirmative answer to this question; on the other hand another issue I address is the strong political nature of international law that can influence the outcome of the negotiations and the future of this issue; however lessons have been learned and the model of the League of Nations will not be repeated and all the interests that sit at the negotiating table will be considered. Finally, to say that this is far from being an acquired subject, there are still many questions and many challenges that need to be considered but in general I believe that there is a need and the necessary will and everything is ready for progress and for the elaboration of a convention that binds transnational corporations to human rights.
This work has a main objective that is demonstrate the evolution of the transnational corporations importance in the international political and economic prospect as well as the guarantee of the respect for the Human Rights, so that we can understand the necessity to advance with a legislative effort to make sure that Transnational corporations are under the human rights scope. This need arises from the articulation between the growing social importance of transnational corporations, mainly because they employ many thousands of citizens and have a great potential for human rights Violations, and the ilack of mechanisms to ensure the effective respect of human rights as well as the access to justice for those who saw their rights violated. On the other hand, we are now witnessing a growing international concern about ensuring respect for human rights in corporate practices. As such a Working Group was created to ensure that an international convention on this issue was created and for that contributions were requested to states as well as to non-governmental organizations; of these contributions, there was a great international willingness to move towards this Convention as well as to reinforce that it is in fact necessary. It is also important to say that we are dealing with an issue in international law that is controversial, the application of international law to private law subjects, specialy commercial companies, which I think justify an affirmative answer to this question; on the other hand another issue I address is the strong political nature of international law that can influence the outcome of the negotiations and the future of this issue; however lessons have been learned and the model of the League of Nations will not be repeated and all the interests that sit at the negotiating table will be considered. Finally, to say that this is far from being an acquired subject, there are still many questions and many challenges that need to be considered but in general I believe that there is a need and the necessary will and everything is ready for progress and for the elaboration of a convention that binds transnational corporations to human rights.
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Direitos humanos Sociedade internacional Direito internacional Justiça Estado Teses de mestrado - 2019