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Intercultural Contacts in the Far West at the Beginning of the 1st Millennium BC: through the Looking-Glass.
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At least from the end of the 2nd millennium BC onwards, the Iberian Peninsula was the setting for a wide
range of intercultural contacts largely arising from its geographical position. In fact, the complex network of
cultural relations and interchanges established between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic regions during
the Late Bronze Age has been very well documented by a significant group of archaeological finds in the
territories bordered by the two seas. This contact necessarily took place in the geographical area studied in
this paper, enabling us to highlight the role played by both the Mediterranean and the Atlantic communities
(the latter being responsible for the so-called Atlantic market). In this concrete case, as in many others,
everything depends on the view that each researcher has of the world. It is in such a context, therefore, that
many of the materials belonging to the inventories of Peninsular Bronze Age sites – both the materials that
originated in this region, and those that had an exogenous inspiration – should be viewed, especially those
dating from the 12th to the 9th century BC.
Older remains, from the 15th to the 12th century BC, can be explained by another set of circumstances, belonging to what Marazzi refers to as the movement to the Far West of Mycenaean contacts. From the
9th century BC onwards, the establishment of groups of eastern people in the Iberian Peninsula, particularly
in Eastern Andalusia, but also in the southwest and along the Atlantic coast, resulted in the foundation of
colonies, transforming these territories into areas of colonial encounters, and leading to the formation of
continuing relations between geographically and historically separate communities. As we shall see, this is
a phenomenon that, without any preconceptions, can be referred to as a colonization, since it was only the
supposed superiority of the Greek over the Phoenician world that determined that the former should be
afforded the exclusive prerogative of having exercised effective colonial control. In this case, we understand
colonization to be »the presence of one or more groups of foreign people [the colonizers] in a region at
some distance from their own place of origin and asymmetrical socio-economic relationships between the
colonizing and colonized groups – inequality, in a single word, regardless of the fact that we know that
since the 1990s, there has been a gradual recognition of indigenous involvement in colonialism, which
is a development that was obviously closely related to the fact that scholars were increasingly becoming
aware of the colonialist nature of academic (and other) representations of ancient Greek colonialism in the
Mediterranean.
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Arruda, A. M. (2015) - Intercultural Contacts in the Far West at the Beginning of the 1st Millennium BC: through the Looking-Glass. In: Babbi, A., Bubbenheimer-Erhart, F., Marín-Aguilera, B. & Mühl, S. (eds.), The Mediterranean Mirror: Cultural contacts in the Mediterranean Sea between 1200 and 750 B.C.. Mainz: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum.