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Península Ibérica a duas velocidades: análise comparativa da competitividade e comércio no período posterior à adesão
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Para lá do legado histórico, económico e político entre Portugal e Espanha, a adesão
simultânea à CEE, em 1986, permitiu aprofundar relações económicas e políticas entre os dois
países. Desde então, Portugal e Espanha, em virtude da sua proximidade geográfica e da
relativa periferização face à União Europeia, têm estabelecido intensas relações de comércio e
de investimento. Contudo, a questão que se coloca à economia nacional é a de saber que
capacidade demonstra para competir no mercado integrado com o seu grande, único e mais
desenvolvido vizinho.
Aplicando um conjunto de metodologias empíricas, concluímos que o crescimento dos
fluxos de comércio e de investimento não se tem traduzido numa melhoria da competitividade
de Portugal face a Espanha, O padrão de especialização da economia nacional privilegia o
trabalho e os recursos naturais, enquanto a economia espanhola canaliza recursos para a
investigação e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Consequentemente, a diferenciação vertical do
comércio intra-ramo traduz-se numa maior qualidade das importações portuguesas,
exprimindo a fragilidade da posição competitiva nacional, primeiro, à escala ibérica; depois, à
escala europeia.
Beyond the historical and political legacy between Portugal and Spain, the fact of both countries have joined simultaneously the European Economic Community in 1986, has allowed the improvement of economical and political relations to both countries. Since then, Portugal and Spain, because of their geographical contiguity and the peripheric situation in the European Union, have established intense trade and investment relations. However, this environment raises the question about the ability of the home economy to compete in the internal market with it's bigger, more developped and unique neighbour. Applying different sets of methodologies, we found that trade and investment growth, have not been improving national competitiveness. Portuguese pattern of trade relies on labour and natural resources, while Spain is more keen on the promotion of economies of scale, human capital and technologies. In result, intra-industry trade is caracterized by vertical differentiation with better quality of imports, resulting in the weakness of national competitiveness, first, in the Iberian market; then in the European Union.
Beyond the historical and political legacy between Portugal and Spain, the fact of both countries have joined simultaneously the European Economic Community in 1986, has allowed the improvement of economical and political relations to both countries. Since then, Portugal and Spain, because of their geographical contiguity and the peripheric situation in the European Union, have established intense trade and investment relations. However, this environment raises the question about the ability of the home economy to compete in the internal market with it's bigger, more developped and unique neighbour. Applying different sets of methodologies, we found that trade and investment growth, have not been improving national competitiveness. Portuguese pattern of trade relies on labour and natural resources, while Spain is more keen on the promotion of economies of scale, human capital and technologies. In result, intra-industry trade is caracterized by vertical differentiation with better quality of imports, resulting in the weakness of national competitiveness, first, in the Iberian market; then in the European Union.
Descrição
Mestrado em Economia Internacional
Palavras-chave
Comércio intra-ramo diferenciação vertical e horizontal factores de competitividade modelos gravitacionais intra-industry trade vertical and horizontal differentiation competitive factors gravity modeIs
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Machado, Dina Maria Moço Santos Rocha (2001). “Península Ibérica a duas velocidades: análise comparativa da competitividade e comércio no período posterior à adesão”. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão