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Comércio internacional e a proteção de dados pessoais
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Subiste no comércio internacional uma série de acordos e instrumentos normativos visando a regulamentação de diretrizes aplicadas nas práticas comerciais transfronteiriças. Todavia, no que tange à proteção de dados pessoais e ao fluxo transfronteiriço de dados nota-se uma ausência de diretrizes que efetivamente respaldem as práticas comerciais instituídas a nível global. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objeto a análise pertinente da interseção entre o comércio internacional e a proteção dos dados pessoais, sob o atual cenário regulamentário fragmentado sobre o tema e da ausência de regulação una e eficaz por organismos internacionais, além da grande influência do Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados da União Europeia no contexto global. A pesquisa objetiva analisar os principais direcionamentos e dificuldades no contexto internacional no estabelecimento da proteção de dados pessoais e do fluxo transfronteiriço de dados no contexto delimitado. Ainda, concentra-se na análise dos elementos extraterritoriais e do âmbito de aplicação do Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados, bem como das consequências da não configuração do nível adequado de proteção de dados no âmbito do comércio internacional. Como metodologia, utiliza-se da análise comparada da proteção de dados, bem como da abordagem teórica hipotético-dedutivo diante de pesquisa bibliográfica de doutrinas, artigos científicos, revistas jurídicas, jurisprudências, dados institucionais de organismos internacionais e debates com variados pontos de vistas sobre a discussão em questão. Para tanto, destaca-se o valor dos dados pessoais na sociedade de informação e sua crescente importância econômica e social. Uma parte substancial do estudo é dedicada à análise comparada entre a União Europeia e o Mercosul, com uma investigação aprofundada do Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados e sua influência na Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados brasileira, examinando as regulamentações e práticas em ambas as regiões, em atenção a possibilidade de efetivação do Acordo Comercial entre os dois blocos econômicos. Também são considerados os níveis de adequação de proteção de dados nos países membros do Mercosul e suas implicações para o comércio internacional, analisando-se em paralelo os esforços empregados pela União Europeia para alinhar divergências na proteção de dados com os Estados Unidos da América, na configuração de duas potências econômicas e comerciais. O trabalho destaca a importância de organismos de comércio internacional, como a OCDE, OMC e UNCTAD, na promoção da harmonização da proteção de dados e examina os principais desafios enfrentados nesse processo. Por fim, sugere abordagens para conciliar as regulamentações de proteção de dados com o comércio global, fornecendo possíveis ferramentas relevantes para maior alinhamento internacional sobre o tema frente a coexistência de regimes de proteção tão distintos. Por meio de uma análise aprofundada e uma abordagem multidisciplinar, esta pesquisa busca lançar luz sobre as diferentes regulamentações sobre a proteção de dados pessoais e seus impactos no comércio internacional. Ademais, ressalta-se a importância e a necessidade de se estabelecer diretrizes que garantam a proteção eficaz de dados pessoais, contribuam para um ambiente global mais seguro, ético, confiável e para uma prática comercial que promova alinhamentos em prol do livre fluxo comercial e do desenvolvimento econômico.
The international trade environment is supported by a series of agreements, guidelines and normative instruments aimed at regulating cross-border commercial practices. However, regarding the protection of personal data and the cross-border flow of data, there is still a lack of guidelines that effectively support the commercial practices established globally. The purpose of this research is to analyze the intersection between international trade and the protection of personal data, within the current scenario marked by the fragmented regulatory framework and the absence of an unified and effective regulation by international organizations and the significant influence of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation setting globally. The research aims to examine comprehensive framework, examining the primary directions and challenges in the international context of personal data protection and the cross-border flow of data. It delves into the examination of extraterritorial elements and the scope of application of the General Data Protection Regulation, along with the commercial consequences of not establishing an adequate level of data protection. The methodology applied is a comparative analysis of data protection, as well as a hypothetical-deductive theoretical approach based on bibliographical research of doctrines, scientific articles, legal journals, case law, institutional data from international organizations and debates with various points of view on the discussion. Therefore, it underscores the value of personal data in the information society and its increasing economic and social significance. A substantial part of the research is dedicated to a comparative analysis between the European Union and Mercosur, involving an in-depth exploration of the General Data Protection Regulation and the Brazilian General Data Protection Law, while also scrutinizing regulations and practices in both regions, with consideration for the potential implementation of a significant Trade Agreement between the two economic blocs. The research also takes into account the levels of data protection adequacy in Mercosur member countries and their implications for international trade, examining in parallel the efforts undertaken by the European Union to reconcile disparities in data protection with the United States of America, within the context of two major economic and commercial powers. The paper emphasizes the importance of international trade organizations such as the OECD, WTO, and UNCTAD in promoting data protection harmonization and examines the primary challenges encountered in this process. Finally, it proposes strategies for reconciling data protection regulations with global trade, offering potentially relevant tools to facilitate greater international alignment on the subject, considering the coexistence of protection systems with significant differences. Through an extensive analysis and a multidisciplinary approach, this research aims to elucidate the different regulations on personal data protection and their impacts on international trade. Furthermore, it highlights the importance and need to establish guidelines that ensure effective protection of personal data, and contributes to gear towards fostering a safer, more ethical, and reliable global environment, as well as promoting commercial practices that align with the principles of free trade and economical development.
The international trade environment is supported by a series of agreements, guidelines and normative instruments aimed at regulating cross-border commercial practices. However, regarding the protection of personal data and the cross-border flow of data, there is still a lack of guidelines that effectively support the commercial practices established globally. The purpose of this research is to analyze the intersection between international trade and the protection of personal data, within the current scenario marked by the fragmented regulatory framework and the absence of an unified and effective regulation by international organizations and the significant influence of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation setting globally. The research aims to examine comprehensive framework, examining the primary directions and challenges in the international context of personal data protection and the cross-border flow of data. It delves into the examination of extraterritorial elements and the scope of application of the General Data Protection Regulation, along with the commercial consequences of not establishing an adequate level of data protection. The methodology applied is a comparative analysis of data protection, as well as a hypothetical-deductive theoretical approach based on bibliographical research of doctrines, scientific articles, legal journals, case law, institutional data from international organizations and debates with various points of view on the discussion. Therefore, it underscores the value of personal data in the information society and its increasing economic and social significance. A substantial part of the research is dedicated to a comparative analysis between the European Union and Mercosur, involving an in-depth exploration of the General Data Protection Regulation and the Brazilian General Data Protection Law, while also scrutinizing regulations and practices in both regions, with consideration for the potential implementation of a significant Trade Agreement between the two economic blocs. The research also takes into account the levels of data protection adequacy in Mercosur member countries and their implications for international trade, examining in parallel the efforts undertaken by the European Union to reconcile disparities in data protection with the United States of America, within the context of two major economic and commercial powers. The paper emphasizes the importance of international trade organizations such as the OECD, WTO, and UNCTAD in promoting data protection harmonization and examines the primary challenges encountered in this process. Finally, it proposes strategies for reconciling data protection regulations with global trade, offering potentially relevant tools to facilitate greater international alignment on the subject, considering the coexistence of protection systems with significant differences. Through an extensive analysis and a multidisciplinary approach, this research aims to elucidate the different regulations on personal data protection and their impacts on international trade. Furthermore, it highlights the importance and need to establish guidelines that ensure effective protection of personal data, and contributes to gear towards fostering a safer, more ethical, and reliable global environment, as well as promoting commercial practices that align with the principles of free trade and economical development.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Comércio internacional Protecção de dados pessoais Fluxos transfronteiriços de dados Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados União Europeia Mercosul Teses de mestrado - 2025 International trade Personal data protection Cross-border data flows GDPR European Union Mercosul