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Inorganic nanoparticles as UV filters in sunscreens and their regulation in the European Union
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Sunscreens are widely used cosmetics that have brought us numerous health benefits throughout the years and are the primary recommendation for protection against effects caused by UV radiation exposure. The UV filters authorized to be used in the European Union are listed as a positive list in Annex VI of the Regulation (EC) nº 1223/2009 and have to comply with a series of safety standards. The Regulation has been revised throughout the years to keep up with progresses in different areas, always with the determination to ensure products that comply with high safety standards, with consumer healthcare as the main focus. Nanotechnology is one of the areas that has shown more advances in recent years and has countless applications, many of them used in cosmetics. There have been some concerns about the use of UV filters in nano form, their toxicological aspects and safety assessment, as more data is needed about nanomaterials in general. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety has issued opinions addressing the scientific advances along the years, which are reflected in the legislative revisions. Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide are inorganic UV filters that have been widely used in the last decades and have more recently become available in nano form. The Commission Regulations (EC) nº 621 and 1143 confirmed that the use of both the nano and non-nano versions of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in cosmetic products were safe, up to maximum concentration of 25 %. This monograph reviews the regulatory timeline of these UV filters, as the legislation adapted itself to scientific and technological developments.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Sunscreen UV filter Zinc oxide Titanium dioxide Nano SCCS opinions Mestrado Integrado - 2016