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O populismo de André Ventura: uma análise discursiva da campanha para as eleições presidenciais de 2021
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A dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a análise discursiva da campanha de André Ventura para as eleições presidenciais de 2021, com o objetivo de verificar se no seu discurso estão presentes as características do populismo.
A metodologia utilizada para a investigação foi a análise qualitativa com recurso ao programa MaxQDA dos seguintes materiais: debates presidenciais, entrevistas, a rede social Twitter, a campanha eleitoral e o discurso de André Ventura após serem conhecidos os resultados eleitorais. Para essa análise, foram criadas as seguintes categorias: povo e elite, antissistema, nacionalismo e autoritarismo. Estas categorias foram criadas tendo por base a abordagem ideacional ao populismo teorizada por Cas Mudde.
A análise permitiu concluir que o discurso de André Ventura durante a campanha eleitoral para as eleições presidenciais de 2021 enquadra-se nas caraterísticas do populismo apontadas por Mudde. Os materiais analisados realçaram a relação antagónica entre os “portugueses de bem” e os “outros”, comprovando a sua posição antissistema e nacionalista, tal como, os frequentes ataques aos candidatos e partidos. Elevou o discurso anti comunidades ciganas, anticorrupção, numa postura de "homem providencial" que veio para salvar Portugal dos últimos 46 anos com a constituição da IV República, cujo objetivo é afastar a esquerda do
poder e todos aqueles que ele exclui. Os traços autoritários estiveram mais presentes no confronto com os seus adversários, nas suas medidas para repor a lei e ordem no pais e na campanha eleitoral. Efetivamente, os apelos ao povo salientaram-se onde existiu mais mediatismo: debates, campanha eleitoral e Twitter, já nas entrevistas elevou a sua retórica nacionalista.
Tal como apontado por Mudde, os resultados da análise demonstram que os fundamentos do sistema são questionados, produzindo uma nova ordem onde uma comunidade ético-política é representada por um povo hegemónico que substitui as estruturas tradicionais da democracia, defendido por um líder populista.
The object of study of the dissertation is the discursive analysis of Andre Ventura campaign for the 2021 presidential elections, with the aim of verifying whether in his speech the characteristics of populism are present. The investigation used a qualitative analysis through the program MaxQDA. The program analyzed the presidential debates, interviews, the social network Twitter, the electoral campaign and Ventura's speech after the election results were known. For this analysis, the following categories were created: people and elite, anti-system, nationalism and authoritarianism. These categories were created based on the ideational approach to populism theorized by Mudde. With the analysis we conclude that Ventura's speech during the electoral campaign for the 2021 presidential elections fits the characteristics of populism pointed out by Mudde. The analyzed materials highlighted the antagonistic relationship between the "good Portuguese" and the "others", proving his anti-system and nationalist position, as well as the frequent attacks on candidates and other parties. Increased his anti-Gypsy community speech and anti corruption, in a posture of a "providential man" who came to save Portugal from the last 46 years with the constitution of the IV Republic, whose objective is to remove the left from power and all those he excludes. The authoritarian traits were more present in the confrontation with his opponents, in his measures to restore order in the country and in the electoral campaign. Indeed, the appeals to the people stood out where there was more media coverage: debates, electoral campaigns and Twitter, on the other hand in the interviews he raised its nationalist rhetoric. As pointed out by Mudde, the results of the analysis demonstrate the fundamentals of the system are questioned, producing a new order where an ethical-political community is represented by a hegemonic people that replaces the traditional structures of democracy, defended by a populist leader.
The object of study of the dissertation is the discursive analysis of Andre Ventura campaign for the 2021 presidential elections, with the aim of verifying whether in his speech the characteristics of populism are present. The investigation used a qualitative analysis through the program MaxQDA. The program analyzed the presidential debates, interviews, the social network Twitter, the electoral campaign and Ventura's speech after the election results were known. For this analysis, the following categories were created: people and elite, anti-system, nationalism and authoritarianism. These categories were created based on the ideational approach to populism theorized by Mudde. With the analysis we conclude that Ventura's speech during the electoral campaign for the 2021 presidential elections fits the characteristics of populism pointed out by Mudde. The analyzed materials highlighted the antagonistic relationship between the "good Portuguese" and the "others", proving his anti-system and nationalist position, as well as the frequent attacks on candidates and other parties. Increased his anti-Gypsy community speech and anti corruption, in a posture of a "providential man" who came to save Portugal from the last 46 years with the constitution of the IV Republic, whose objective is to remove the left from power and all those he excludes. The authoritarian traits were more present in the confrontation with his opponents, in his measures to restore order in the country and in the electoral campaign. Indeed, the appeals to the people stood out where there was more media coverage: debates, electoral campaigns and Twitter, on the other hand in the interviews he raised its nationalist rhetoric. As pointed out by Mudde, the results of the analysis demonstrate the fundamentals of the system are questioned, producing a new order where an ethical-political community is represented by a hegemonic people that replaces the traditional structures of democracy, defended by a populist leader.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Ciência Política
Palavras-chave
Populismo Direita Radical Discurso político Antissistema André Ventura Chega Populism Radical Right Political Speech Anti-System André Ventura Chega
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas