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"Longe da vista mas perto do coração" : grã-parentalidade em contexto de pandemia de covid-19
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Resumo(s)
A grã-parentalidade representa uma importante fase do ciclo de vida dos indivíduos e das famílias, permitindo uma ampliação das gerações e uma interligação entre os elementos familiares. A relação entre avós e netos é descrita como única e especial e costuma ser mantida através de interações e contactos frequentes. O contexto adverso causado pelo surgimento da pandemia de COVID-19 impôs inúmeras dificuldades às famílias, tendo sido uma das mais proeminentes a restrição dos contactos físicos, nomeadamente entre avós e netos. Neste sentido, o principal objetivo do presente estudo prendeu-se com a pertinência de compreender a vivência do processo de grã-parentalidade em contexto de pandemia de COVID-19. Com base num design qualitativo transversal, foram realizadas entrevistas a 13 mulheres residentes em Portugal, entre os 52 e os 73 anos, que tinham sido avós durante o período de pandemia, entre 2020 e 2022. Através das entrevistas focadas nas expectativas de grã-parentalidade, no papel de avós e na vivência da pandemia de COVID-19, surgiram duas principais categorias referentes ao processo de grã-parentalidade e à adaptação à grã-parentalidade, tendo em conta o contexto de pandemia. Os resultados mostraram que as restrições impostas pela pandemia tiveram um impacto tanto negativo como positivo na vivência da grã-parentalidade, principalmente ao nível da relação avós-netos. Além disso, e apesar do contexto pandémico, as expectativas das avós em relação ao seu papel e à relação com os seus netos parecem ter sido cumpridas. A principal característica de ser avó e o maior desafio da grã-parentalidade foram, simultaneamente, ajudar sem interferir na educação dos netos nem na gestão do casal parental. A maioria das participantes evidenciaram os aspetos e impactos negativos na vivência pessoal e familiar do período pandémico. No entanto, houve casos em que foi possível salientar as conquistas e os aspetos positivos, nomeadamente a nível da vivência familiar. Deste modo, com implicações a nível da investigação e da prática clínica, o presente estudo permitiu abrir caminho para a realização de futuras investigações onde se explore o papel da relação entre avós e netos no sistema familiar. Além disso, evidenciou a importância do estudo das implicações da pandemia na dinâmica familiar com crianças nascidas durante este período e permitiu uma base para a criação de recursos e ferramentas capazes de auxiliar os indivíduos e as famílias a ultrapassar os períodos adversos e a potenciar a sua resiliência familiar.
Grandparenthood represents an important phase in the life cycle of individuals and families, allowing an expansion of generations and an interconnection between family members. The relationship between grandparents and grandchildren is described as unique and special and is usually maintained through frequent interactions and contacts. The adverse context caused by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic imposed numerous difficulties on families, one of the most prominent being the restriction of physical contacts, namely between grandparents and grandchildren. Hence, the main goal of the present investigation was the understanding the experience of being a grandparent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a cross-sectional qualitative design, interviews were carried out with 13 women living in Portugal, aged between 52 and 73, who had been grandparents during the pandemic period, between 2020 and 2022. Based on the interviews focused on the expectations of grandparenting, the role of grandparents and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, two main categories emerged regarding the grandparenting process and adaptation to grandparenting, considering the pandemic context. Results showed that the restrictions imposed by the pandemic had both a negative and positive impact on the experience of grandparenthood, especially in terms of the grandparents-grandchildren’s relationship. In addition, and despite the pandemic context, grandmothers' expectations regarding their role and relationship with their grandchildren seem to have been met. The main characteristic of being a grandmother and the biggest challenge of being a grandparent were, simultaneously, helping without interfering in the education of the grandchildren or in the management of the parental couple. Most participants highlighted the most negative aspects and impacts on personal and family experience of the pandemic period. However, there were cases in which it was possible to highlight the achievements and the most positive aspects, namely in terms of family experience. Therefore, with implications in future research and clinical practice, the present study opened the way for future investigations to explore the role of the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren in the family system. In addition, it highlighted the importance of investigating the implications of the pandemic on family dynamics with children born during this period and provided a basis for the creation of resources and tools that can help individuals and families overcome adversities and enhance their family resilience.
Grandparenthood represents an important phase in the life cycle of individuals and families, allowing an expansion of generations and an interconnection between family members. The relationship between grandparents and grandchildren is described as unique and special and is usually maintained through frequent interactions and contacts. The adverse context caused by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic imposed numerous difficulties on families, one of the most prominent being the restriction of physical contacts, namely between grandparents and grandchildren. Hence, the main goal of the present investigation was the understanding the experience of being a grandparent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a cross-sectional qualitative design, interviews were carried out with 13 women living in Portugal, aged between 52 and 73, who had been grandparents during the pandemic period, between 2020 and 2022. Based on the interviews focused on the expectations of grandparenting, the role of grandparents and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, two main categories emerged regarding the grandparenting process and adaptation to grandparenting, considering the pandemic context. Results showed that the restrictions imposed by the pandemic had both a negative and positive impact on the experience of grandparenthood, especially in terms of the grandparents-grandchildren’s relationship. In addition, and despite the pandemic context, grandmothers' expectations regarding their role and relationship with their grandchildren seem to have been met. The main characteristic of being a grandmother and the biggest challenge of being a grandparent were, simultaneously, helping without interfering in the education of the grandchildren or in the management of the parental couple. Most participants highlighted the most negative aspects and impacts on personal and family experience of the pandemic period. However, there were cases in which it was possible to highlight the achievements and the most positive aspects, namely in terms of family experience. Therefore, with implications in future research and clinical practice, the present study opened the way for future investigations to explore the role of the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren in the family system. In addition, it highlighted the importance of investigating the implications of the pandemic on family dynamics with children born during this period and provided a basis for the creation of resources and tools that can help individuals and families overcome adversities and enhance their family resilience.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica Sistémica – Contextos Familiar, Comunitário e Forense), 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Grã-parentalidade Pandemia Covid-19 Expectativas dos avós Relação avós-netos Dissertações de mestrado - 2022