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Empatia interpessoal dos pais, estilos parentais e ajustamento psicológico dos filhos : quando as teias se constroem em telas de desvantagem social e económica
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As famílias com desvantagem social e económica são uma realidade crescente no contexto português, sendo, pois, urgente o estudo dos processos e fatores que as caraterizam e influenciam o seu bem-estar. Pretendeu-se, com o presente estudo no âmbito da parentalidade, compreender a relação entre empatia interpessoal, estilos parentais, e ajustamento psicológico dos filhos, bem como analisar as diferenças entre tais variáveis entre famílias em contexto de desvantagem social económica e famílias sem desvantagem social e económica. A amostra incluiu 104 participantes, 63 dos quais se encontravam em situação de desvantagem social e económica e 41 em situação social e económica normativa. Foi utilizado o Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal - IRI, o Questionário De Estilos Parentais - QDEP, e o Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ-Por. Os resultados revelaram: diferenças significativas entre as duas sub-amostras apenas na perceção que os pais têm do ajustamento psicológico dos filhos, sendo que os pais da sub-amostra com desvantagem social e económica percecionam um menor ajustamento dos seus filhos do que os pais da sub-amostra sem desvantagem; associações entre empatia interpessoal e estilos parentais, bem como entre estilos parentais e ajustamento psicológico; a contribuição da parentalidade negativa, que inclui os estilos parentais autoritário e permissivo, e da situação de desvantagem social e económica, para problemas no ajustamento dos filhos; na sub-amostra com desvantagem social e económica, um efeito mediador da parentalidade negativa na associação entre empatia interpessoal dos pais e ajustamento psicológico dos filhos.
Families living with economic and social disadvantage are a increasing reality in the portuguese context, being, therefore, urgent the study of the processes and factors that characterize them and influence their well-being. In the present study in the scope of parenting, we intended to understand the relation between interpersonal empathy, parenting styles, and children psychological adjustment, as well as analyzing the diferences in such variables between families with economic and social disadvantage and families without economic and social disadvantage. The sample included 104 participants, 63 of which with economic and social disadvantage and 41 without economic and social disadvantage. It was used the Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal - IRI, the Questionário De Estilos Parentais - QDEP, e the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ-Por. The results revealed: significant differences between the two sub-samples only in the parents’ perception of their children’s psychological adjustment, meaning that parents with economic and social disadvantage reported lower children’s psychological adjustment than parents without economic and social disadvantage; associations between interpersonal empathy and parenting styles, as well as between parenting styles and psychological adjustment; the contribution of negative parenting which includes authoritarian and permissive parenting styles), and economic and social disadvantage to children’s adjustment problems; a mediator effect of negative parenting in the association between parents’s interpersonal empathy and children’s psychological adjustment.
Families living with economic and social disadvantage are a increasing reality in the portuguese context, being, therefore, urgent the study of the processes and factors that characterize them and influence their well-being. In the present study in the scope of parenting, we intended to understand the relation between interpersonal empathy, parenting styles, and children psychological adjustment, as well as analyzing the diferences in such variables between families with economic and social disadvantage and families without economic and social disadvantage. The sample included 104 participants, 63 of which with economic and social disadvantage and 41 without economic and social disadvantage. It was used the Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal - IRI, the Questionário De Estilos Parentais - QDEP, e the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ-Por. The results revealed: significant differences between the two sub-samples only in the parents’ perception of their children’s psychological adjustment, meaning that parents with economic and social disadvantage reported lower children’s psychological adjustment than parents without economic and social disadvantage; associations between interpersonal empathy and parenting styles, as well as between parenting styles and psychological adjustment; the contribution of negative parenting which includes authoritarian and permissive parenting styles), and economic and social disadvantage to children’s adjustment problems; a mediator effect of negative parenting in the association between parents’s interpersonal empathy and children’s psychological adjustment.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Sistémica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Empatia Estilos parentais Ajustamento psicológico Parentalidade Teses de mestrado - 2016