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O espaço que nos une
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O presente trabalho aborda o tema do espaço público em cidades africanas, com foco nos assentamentos autoproduzidos, referindo-se à sua qualificação com o intuito de os tornar mais inclusivos. Aqui, a participação dos cidadãos é crucial para uma melhor intervenção.
Trata-se este tema na capital angolana, Luanda, caracterizada por uma forte dualidade na produção destes espaços: por um lado, os espaços públicos de promoção pública, no contexto da cidade urbanizada neoliberal, e, por outro, os espaços coletivos de promoção coletiva nos assentamentos autoproduzidos. Dentro desta categoria de espaços coletivos distinguimos o que designamos de “espaços comuns”, pensados pela e com a comunidade de forma inclusiva.
Escolheu-se como local de estudo e projeto o bairro da Chicala, localizado no litoral a sul da Ilha de Luanda, numa zona privilegiada próximo da Baixa de Luanda. O trabalho centra-se no bairro da Chicala I, caracterizado por uma importante comunidade pesqueira. Atualmente esta comunidade encontra-se numa situação de grande vulnerabilidade e o espaço autoproduzido da Chicala I em situação de degradação e precariedade.
O texto está organizado em 3 capítulos. Apresenta-se no primeiro capítulo uma reflexão sobre a noção de espaço público e de espaço coletivo e sobre princípios e exemplos de intervenção. Procede-se no segundo capítulo ao
reconhecimento aprofundado do território de estudo, a Chicala, com base na revisão bibliográfica e da cartografia existente. Procedeu-se também a uma observação direta através de visitas e com registo fotográfico, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas a alguns habitantes e foi elaborado um roteiro iconográfico com fotografias, desenhos e mapas. Foram ainda desenvolvidas atividades colaborativas com a comunidade local que culminaram num workshop com lideranças locais. A intenção era perceber as principais dificuldades estruturais e do quotidiano que os habitantes enfrentam. Através desta abordagem interativa foram recolhidos e sistematizados dados sobre os espaços coletivos nesta localidade que permitiram elaborar uma nova estratégia para a sua requalificação, visando respeitar e concretizar as necessidades, desejos e vontades dos seus moradores.
No terceiro capítulo apresentam-se propostas para a qualificação de Chicala 1. A proposta de Projeto Urbano tem como objetivo contribuir para uma maior articulação da Chicala 1 com o resto da cidade de Luanda, através da qualificação generalizada do lugar. A análise territorial permitiu conceber vários objetivos para cada dimensão de análise identificada na Chicala 1, projetando-se assim um conjunto de ações principais, articuladas num Plano de Intervenção. As ações visam a melhoria da reconexão do bairro com a envolvente, a melhoria da infraestrutura viária do bairro e a requalificação dos principais espaços públicos e coletivos existentes.
A proposta de Projeto Urbano foca-se na qualificação geral dos espaços tendo em conta a herança histórica e cultural da comunidade pesqueira. Abrange a área urbanizada a norte e a autoproduzida a sul, e visa uma qualificação urbana mais detalhada com proposta de velhas e novas zonas de lazer no centro cultural do bairro.
Considera-se que uma estratégia de qualificação do bairro da Chicala 1 assente em projetos que envolvam as comunidades desde a conceção da melhoria dos espaços, para que sejam mais inclusivos e democráticos, pode contribuir para melhorar a sua qualidade de vida e a qualidade do espaço urbano.
The present work addresses the theme of public spaces in African cities, focusing on self-produced settlements, referring to their qualification in order to make them more inclusive. Here, citizen participation is crucial for better intervention. This project takes place in the Angolan capital, Luanda, characterized by a strong duality in the production of these spaces: on the one hand, public spaces arise in the context of the neoliberal urbanized city, and, on the other, collective spaces arise in self-produced settlements. Within the category of collective spaces, we analyze what we call common spaces, which are in situations of great "informality" in Luanda. These common spaces are designed by and with the community in an inclusive way. The Chicala neighborhood, located on the coast to the south of Luanda peninsula, was chosen as a place of study, in a privileged area near downtown Luanda. The work focuses on the Chicala I neighborhood, characterized by an important fishing community. Currently this community is in a situation of great vulnerability and the self-produced space of Chicala I in a situation of degradation and instability. In terms of methodology, we started from a reflection on the notion of the collective space and on principles and examples of intervention for the in-depth recognition of the territory. This was based on a bibliographic review of the history of the site and the existing cartography. A direct observation was made through visits and with photographic records, semi-structured interviews were conducted with some of the inhabitants, and an iconographic script was elaborated with photographs, drawings and maps. Participatory and collaborative activities were also developed with the local community that culminated in a workshop with local leaders. The intention was to understand the main structural and daily difficulties that the inhabitants face. Through this approach, data on collective spaces in this locality were collected and systematized, which allowed the development of a new strategy for their requalification, aiming to fulfill the needs, desires and wills of its residents. The urban project goal is to contribute to a greater articulation of Chicala 1 with the rest of the city of Luanda, through the widespread qualification of the area. The territorial analysis allowed to conceive several objectives for each dimension of analysis identified in Chicala 1, thus projecting a set of main activities, articulated in an Intervention Plan. The key activities include an improvement of the reconnection of the neighborhood with the surrounding area, an improvement of the neighborhood's road infrastructure and the requalification of the main public spaces – collective/common spaces. The urban project proposal focuses on a general qualification of the spaces considering the historical and cultural heritage of the denoted fishing community. It covers the urbanized area to the north and the self-produced to the south and aims at a more detailed urban qualification with proposal of old and new leisure areas in the center of the neighborhood. A qualification strategy of the Chicala 1 neighborhood should be based on projects involving communities, since the design of their spaces, so that they are more inclusive, free and democratic, which can contribute to improving their urban quality.
The present work addresses the theme of public spaces in African cities, focusing on self-produced settlements, referring to their qualification in order to make them more inclusive. Here, citizen participation is crucial for better intervention. This project takes place in the Angolan capital, Luanda, characterized by a strong duality in the production of these spaces: on the one hand, public spaces arise in the context of the neoliberal urbanized city, and, on the other, collective spaces arise in self-produced settlements. Within the category of collective spaces, we analyze what we call common spaces, which are in situations of great "informality" in Luanda. These common spaces are designed by and with the community in an inclusive way. The Chicala neighborhood, located on the coast to the south of Luanda peninsula, was chosen as a place of study, in a privileged area near downtown Luanda. The work focuses on the Chicala I neighborhood, characterized by an important fishing community. Currently this community is in a situation of great vulnerability and the self-produced space of Chicala I in a situation of degradation and instability. In terms of methodology, we started from a reflection on the notion of the collective space and on principles and examples of intervention for the in-depth recognition of the territory. This was based on a bibliographic review of the history of the site and the existing cartography. A direct observation was made through visits and with photographic records, semi-structured interviews were conducted with some of the inhabitants, and an iconographic script was elaborated with photographs, drawings and maps. Participatory and collaborative activities were also developed with the local community that culminated in a workshop with local leaders. The intention was to understand the main structural and daily difficulties that the inhabitants face. Through this approach, data on collective spaces in this locality were collected and systematized, which allowed the development of a new strategy for their requalification, aiming to fulfill the needs, desires and wills of its residents. The urban project goal is to contribute to a greater articulation of Chicala 1 with the rest of the city of Luanda, through the widespread qualification of the area. The territorial analysis allowed to conceive several objectives for each dimension of analysis identified in Chicala 1, thus projecting a set of main activities, articulated in an Intervention Plan. The key activities include an improvement of the reconnection of the neighborhood with the surrounding area, an improvement of the neighborhood's road infrastructure and the requalification of the main public spaces – collective/common spaces. The urban project proposal focuses on a general qualification of the spaces considering the historical and cultural heritage of the denoted fishing community. It covers the urbanized area to the north and the self-produced to the south and aims at a more detailed urban qualification with proposal of old and new leisure areas in the center of the neighborhood. A qualification strategy of the Chicala 1 neighborhood should be based on projects involving communities, since the design of their spaces, so that they are more inclusive, free and democratic, which can contribute to improving their urban quality.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
espaço público e espaço coletivo Musseques de Luanda Chicala 1 qualificação urbana
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Faculdade Arquitetura, Universidade Lisboa