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A proteção dos direitos das crianças migrantes deslocadas por causas ambientais : o acesso à justiça como último recurso
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O impacto das causas ambientais sobre o modo de vida humano é inegável, especialmente por intensificarem as vulnerabilidades de grupos socialmente e juridicamente fragilizados. No cenário contemporâneo, a crescente mobilidade humana entre Estados, somada à exposição contínua a violações de direitos humanos, evidencia o papel das causas ambientais como catalisadoras do deslocamento forçado em larga escala. Esta dissertação concentra-se na proteção dos direitos das crianças migrantes deslocadas por causas ambientais, com ênfase no acesso à justiça como instrumento essencial para a salvaguarda desses direitos. O objetivo da
pesquisa é identificar possíveis lacunas no direito internacional e analisar em que medida os instrumentos jurídicos existentes são eficazes na garantia dos direitos dessas crianças. Nesse contexto, são examinadas as diferentes formas de migração e as terminologias mais adequadas para caracterizar esses indivíduos em busca de proteção judicial. Reconhecendo as crianças como titulares de direitos humanos, a pesquisa explora a aplicação da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança, avaliando os impactos da migração na infância e a efetividade dos sistemas jurídicos internacionais na proteção desses direitos. Outro aspecto central é o acesso à justiça como mecanismo indispensável para a reparação e proteção dos direitos dessas crianças. A
pesquisa investiga as barreiras processuais que dificultam o reconhecimento das vítimas nos tribunais internacionais de direitos humanos, bem como os desafios para responsabilizar seus Estados no plano internacional. Diante disso, propõe-se a ampliação da cooperação internacional e a adaptação das estruturas jurídicas para assegurar que migrantes deslocados por causas ambientais, especialmente crianças, possam efetivamente reivindicar seus direitos perante os tribunais. Por fim, a dissertação busca contribuir para o aprimoramento do sistema jurídico internacional, sugerindo abordagens mais eficazes e integradas para a proteção desses direitos.
The impact of environmental causes on the human way of life is undeniable, especially because they intensify the vulnerabilities of socially and legally fragile groups. In the contemporary scenario, the increasing human mobility between States, added to the continuous exposure to human rights violations, highlights the role of environmental causes as catalysts for large-scale forced displacement. This dissertation focuses on the protection of the rights of migrant children displaced by environmental causes, with an emphasis on access to justice as an essential instrument for safeguarding these rights. The aim of the research is to identify possible gaps in international law and to analyze the extent to which existing legal instruments are effective in guaranteeing the rights of these children. In this context, the different forms of migration and the most appropriate terminologies to characterize these individuals seeking judicial protection are examined. Recognizing children as human rights holders, the research explores the application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, assessing the impacts of migration on children and the effectiveness of international legal systems in protecting these rights. Another central aspect is access to justice as an indispensable mechanism for the reparation and protection of the rights of these children. The research investigates the procedural barriers that hinder the recognition of victims in international human rights courts, as well as the challenges to hold their States accountable at the international level. Considering this, it is proposed to expand international cooperation and adapt legal frameworks to ensure that migrants displaced by environmental causes, especially children, can effectively assert their rights before the courts. Finally, the dissertation seeks to contribute to the improvement of the international legal system, suggesting more effective and integrated approaches for the protection of these rights.
The impact of environmental causes on the human way of life is undeniable, especially because they intensify the vulnerabilities of socially and legally fragile groups. In the contemporary scenario, the increasing human mobility between States, added to the continuous exposure to human rights violations, highlights the role of environmental causes as catalysts for large-scale forced displacement. This dissertation focuses on the protection of the rights of migrant children displaced by environmental causes, with an emphasis on access to justice as an essential instrument for safeguarding these rights. The aim of the research is to identify possible gaps in international law and to analyze the extent to which existing legal instruments are effective in guaranteeing the rights of these children. In this context, the different forms of migration and the most appropriate terminologies to characterize these individuals seeking judicial protection are examined. Recognizing children as human rights holders, the research explores the application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, assessing the impacts of migration on children and the effectiveness of international legal systems in protecting these rights. Another central aspect is access to justice as an indispensable mechanism for the reparation and protection of the rights of these children. The research investigates the procedural barriers that hinder the recognition of victims in international human rights courts, as well as the challenges to hold their States accountable at the international level. Considering this, it is proposed to expand international cooperation and adapt legal frameworks to ensure that migrants displaced by environmental causes, especially children, can effectively assert their rights before the courts. Finally, the dissertation seeks to contribute to the improvement of the international legal system, suggesting more effective and integrated approaches for the protection of these rights.
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Direito internacional Protecção da criança Migrações Refugiados ambientais Acesso à justiça Teses de mestrado - 2025 International law Child protection Migration Environmental refugees Access to justice