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Obesidade infantil : pais e percepção da imagem corporal
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A obesidade infantil é um importante problema de saúde pública estimando-se que 50% da população mundial será obesa em 2025 se não forem adoptadas medidas concretas (1). A prevalência do excesso de peso e obesidade em Portugal é elevada (2). No que diz respeito ao impacto económico, estima-se que os custos com a obesidade representem 8% do orçamento total de saúde da Europa (3). Prevenir a obesidade é mais importante do que tratá-la. A incapacidade dos pais percepcionarem e reconhecerem o excesso de peso dos seus filhos como algo a ser alterado é uma das razões para o aumento da obesidade infantil (4) (5) (6).
O presente estudo tem como objectivo aferir a capacidade dos pais percepcionarem correctamente a imagem corporal “real” e “ideal” dos seus filhos e perceber o potencial efeito dessa percepção. Foi constituída uma amostra de 200 crianças/adolescentes com idade compreendidas entre os 7 e os 17 anos de idade e respectivos pais. Destes, 126 tinham peso normal, 45 excesso de peso, 20 eram obesos e 9 tinham baixo peso. O instrumento utilizado para avaliação da capacidade de percepção da imagem corporal “real” e “ideal” foi o Questionário de Silhuetas de Collins.
A percepção pelos pais da imagem corporal “ideal” é adequada e igual à das crianças/adolescentes e não varia em função do peso ou género. No que diz respeito à escolha da silhueta representativa da imagem corporal “real”, os pais optaram maioritariamente por uma silhueta inferior à escolhida pelos filhos e tendencialmente, percepcionam uma imagem corporal “real” correspondente a um IMC mais baixo. Quando percepcionam a imagem característica de excesso de peso, verifica-se que, a percepção não condiciona de forma efectiva o desejo de mudança em cerca de 90% dos pais de filhos com peso normal e 40% dos pais do grupo de excesso de peso.
Child obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an estimated 50% of the world's population obese by 2025 if no concrete action is taken (1). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portugal is high (2). With regard to the economic impact, obesity costs are estimated to account for 8% of Europe's total health budget (3). Preventing obesity is more important than treating it. The inability of parents to perceive and recognize their children's overweight as something to be changed is one of the reasons for the increase in childhood obesity (4) (5) (6). The present study aims to assess the ability of parents to correctly perceive the "real" and "ideal" body image of their children and perceive the potential effect of this perception. A sample was made up of 200 children / adolescents aged between 7 and 17 years of age and their parents. Of these, 126 were normal weight, 45 were overweight, 20 were obese and 9 were underweight. The instrument used to evaluate the "real" and "ideal" body image perception capacity was the Collins Silhouettes Questionnaire. The perception by the parents of the "ideal" body image is adequate and equal that of the children / adolescents and does not vary according to the weight or gender. Regarding the choice of the silhouette which represents the "real" body image, the parents opted mostly for a lower silhouette than the ones chosen by their children and tend to perceive a "real" body image corresponding to a lower BMI. When they perceive an image corresponding to overweight, that perception verifiably does not effectively condition the desire to change in about 90% of the parents of normal weight children and 40% of the parents of the overweight group.
Child obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an estimated 50% of the world's population obese by 2025 if no concrete action is taken (1). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portugal is high (2). With regard to the economic impact, obesity costs are estimated to account for 8% of Europe's total health budget (3). Preventing obesity is more important than treating it. The inability of parents to perceive and recognize their children's overweight as something to be changed is one of the reasons for the increase in childhood obesity (4) (5) (6). The present study aims to assess the ability of parents to correctly perceive the "real" and "ideal" body image of their children and perceive the potential effect of this perception. A sample was made up of 200 children / adolescents aged between 7 and 17 years of age and their parents. Of these, 126 were normal weight, 45 were overweight, 20 were obese and 9 were underweight. The instrument used to evaluate the "real" and "ideal" body image perception capacity was the Collins Silhouettes Questionnaire. The perception by the parents of the "ideal" body image is adequate and equal that of the children / adolescents and does not vary according to the weight or gender. Regarding the choice of the silhouette which represents the "real" body image, the parents opted mostly for a lower silhouette than the ones chosen by their children and tend to perceive a "real" body image corresponding to a lower BMI. When they perceive an image corresponding to overweight, that perception verifiably does not effectively condition the desire to change in about 90% of the parents of normal weight children and 40% of the parents of the overweight group.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Palavras-chave
Obesidade infantil Percepção da imagem Pais Pediatria