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Alienação parental : proposta de resposta às dúvidas e críticas em torno da problemática
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Abstract(s)
A alienação parental consiste na rutura da relação afetiva entre a criança e um dos progenitores, sendo provocada pelo outro. A alienação parental verifica-se nos casos de separação, divórcio ou nos casos em que os progenitores não vivem juntos, nestas situações, muitas vezes, os pais não conseguem superar as suas mágoas e o conflito conjugal transmuta-se para o campo parental. Por esse motivo, a alienação parental compromete o desenvolvimento psicológico e afetivo da criança e consequentemente o superior interesse da criança, uma vez que pode causar-lhe danos irreparáveis. O fenómeno de recusa da criança ao convívio com um dos pais, por influência do outro foi, teorizado em 1985 por Richard Gardner, tendo este colocado o problema no âmbito da perturbação/transtorno infantil, que era diagnosticado através da presença de oito sintomas. A síndrome de alienação parental foi muito contestada, existindo diversas críticas relativamente à falta de suporte científico, à utilização de raciocínio circular e de critérios ambíguos e ainda ao uso discriminatório da terapia de ameaça, que consiste na transferência da guarda para o progenitor alienado. O objetivo da dissertação é analisar a problemática, contestando algumas das objeções realizadas à síndrome de alienação parental, referindo outras perspetivas sobre o fenómeno de recusa. Desta forma, mostra-se relevante averiguar como a alienação parental é tratada noutros ordenamentos jurídicos e no nosso sistema jurídico, procurando as soluções apresentadas para evitar o processo de alienação.
Parental alienation is defined as the rupture of the affective relationship between the child and one of the parents. Parental alienation exists in cases of separation, divorce or when the parents don’t live together, in these situations, often the parents can’t get over the divorce and the marital conflict turns into parental conflict. Therefore, parental alienation compromises the psychological and affective development of the child, and consequently the best interests of the child, since it may cause irreparable damages. The phenomenon of the child’s refusal to the visit of one of the parents, under the influence of the other, was developed in 1985 by Richard Gardner, who considered the problem a disturbance/disorder, that was diagnosed through the presence of eight symptoms. The parental alienation syndrome was much contested, with several critics regarding the lack of scientific support, the use of circular reasoning and ambiguous criteria, and also the discriminatory use of threat therapy, that is a transfer of custody to the alienated/target parent. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the problematic, contesting some of the objections made to the parental alienation syndrome, discussing other perspectives of the refusal phenomenon. It’s relevant to study how the parental alienation is considered in other legal systems and in our system, searching for appropriate solutions to avoid the alienation process.
Parental alienation is defined as the rupture of the affective relationship between the child and one of the parents. Parental alienation exists in cases of separation, divorce or when the parents don’t live together, in these situations, often the parents can’t get over the divorce and the marital conflict turns into parental conflict. Therefore, parental alienation compromises the psychological and affective development of the child, and consequently the best interests of the child, since it may cause irreparable damages. The phenomenon of the child’s refusal to the visit of one of the parents, under the influence of the other, was developed in 1985 by Richard Gardner, who considered the problem a disturbance/disorder, that was diagnosed through the presence of eight symptoms. The parental alienation syndrome was much contested, with several critics regarding the lack of scientific support, the use of circular reasoning and ambiguous criteria, and also the discriminatory use of threat therapy, that is a transfer of custody to the alienated/target parent. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the problematic, contesting some of the objections made to the parental alienation syndrome, discussing other perspectives of the refusal phenomenon. It’s relevant to study how the parental alienation is considered in other legal systems and in our system, searching for appropriate solutions to avoid the alienation process.
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Keywords
Alienação parental Superior interesse da criança Divórcio Separação Responsabilidade parental