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Comparação da prevalência de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. entre canídeos de clínica e de canil da região de Lisboa, Portugal
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Resumo(s)
Os protozoários do género Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. são parasitas com uma distribuição mundial, responsáveis por causar infeção clínica e subclínica numa grande variedade de hospedeiros, incluindo os humanos e outros vertebrados, como os cães. Estes são dos parasitas com maior prevalência no cão, principalmente em ambiente de canil, onde o seu risco zoonótico é potenciado.
Neste estudo procedeu-se à colheita de 60 amostras fecais, sendo 30 provenientes de cães de uma clínica veterinária e as restantes 30 provenientes de cães de dois canis (Lisboa e Cascais). Este estudo teve o objetivo de comparar as prevalências entre estas duas populações caninas; estudar as associações entre os fatores origem, idade, sexo, raça e consistência fecal e a infeção por estes protozoários; e comparar os vários métodos de diagnóstico utilizados. Todas as amostras foram submetidas a imunofluorescência direta (IFD), flutuação após centrifugação com sulfato de zinco e coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. As prevalências globais obtidas para Giardia spp. foram de 33,3% através da IFD, 30% através da flutuação após centrifugação com sulfato de zinco e 16,7% através da coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, havendo uma boa concordância estatística entre a primeira e a segunda técnicas (k=0,69). Relativamente a Cryptosporidium spp., foi obtida uma prevalência global de 5%, tanto por IFD como pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, entre as quais também se observou uma boa concordância estatística (k=0,65). Houve uma maior prevalência significativa (p<0,05) de Giardia spp. nos cães de canil (65,2%), nos cães do canil de Lisboa (86,7%) e nos cães de canil cujas fezes apresentavam consistência líquida (100%) e pastosa (68,8%). Relativamente a Cryptosporidium spp., não se encontrou qualquer associação com os fatores estudados. A associação parasitária de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. foi a mais frequente e estatisticamente significativa. Nas amostras positivas a Giardia spp. que foram genotipadas (10/20), apenas foram encontrados os assemblages C e D.
Este estudo demonstrou uma maior prevalência destes protozoários, principalmente de Giardia spp., em ambiente de canil e comparativamente a outros endoparasitas. A origem de canil foi considerada um fator de risco para a infeção por Giardia spp., com um risco superior em cães provenientes de canis com um maior número de animais. A flutuação após centrifugação com sulfato de zinco e a coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen revelaram ser as técnicas com um maior custo-benefício para a deteção de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp., respetivamente. Dada a elevada prevalência destes protozoários, principalmente de Giardia spp., nos cães de canil, estes animais podem representar um maior risco de transmissão zoonótica para a equipa técnica dos canis estudados e para os futuros tutores adotantes.
ABSTRACT - Comparison of the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. between dogs from clinic and kennel of the Lisbon region, Portugal - The protozoans Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are parasites with worldwide distribution that cause clinical and subclinical infection in a wide range of hosts, including humans and other vertebrates, like dogs. These protozoan parasites are one of the most prevalent in dogs, mainly in kennel environment where its zoonotic risk is magnified. In this study, 60 fecal samples were collected, of which 30 are from dogs of a veterinary clinic and the other 30 are from dogs of two kennels (Lisbon and Cascais). This study aimed to compare the prevalences between these two canine populations; study the associations between the factors origin, age, sex, breed and fecal consistency and infection by these protozoans; and compare the different diagnostic methods used. All fecal samples were subjected to direct immunofluorescence, zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The prevalences obtained for Giardia spp. were 33,3% by direct immunofluorescence, 30% by zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and 16,7% by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, with a good statistical agreement between the first and second techniques (k=0,69). In relation to Cryptosporidium spp., a prevalence of 5% was observed by both direct immunofluorescence and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, also with a good statistical agreement between these techniques (k=0,65). There was significantly (p<0,05) higher prevalence of Giardia spp. in kennelled dogs (65,2%), in dogs from Lisbon kennel (86,7%) and in kennel dogs with liquid (100%) and pasty (68,8%) fecal consistency. Any risk factors or association to fecal consistency were found in relation to Cryptosporidium spp. Parasitic association of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. was the most prevalent and statistically significant. In positive samples of Giardia spp. that were subjected to molecular genotyping (10/20), it was only found assemblages C and D. This study has showed a greater prevalence of these protozoans, mostly of Giardia spp., in kennel environment and comparatively to other endoparasites. Kennel origin was considered a risk factor for Giardia spp. infection, with a greater risk in dogs from kennels with a higher number of animals. Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining have proven to be the techniques with a higher cost-benefit for Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. detection, respectively. Given the high prevalence of these parasites, mostly of Giardia spp. in kennel dogs, these animals can pose a greater risk of zoonotic transmission to the technical team of the studied kennels and to the future owners.
ABSTRACT - Comparison of the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. between dogs from clinic and kennel of the Lisbon region, Portugal - The protozoans Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are parasites with worldwide distribution that cause clinical and subclinical infection in a wide range of hosts, including humans and other vertebrates, like dogs. These protozoan parasites are one of the most prevalent in dogs, mainly in kennel environment where its zoonotic risk is magnified. In this study, 60 fecal samples were collected, of which 30 are from dogs of a veterinary clinic and the other 30 are from dogs of two kennels (Lisbon and Cascais). This study aimed to compare the prevalences between these two canine populations; study the associations between the factors origin, age, sex, breed and fecal consistency and infection by these protozoans; and compare the different diagnostic methods used. All fecal samples were subjected to direct immunofluorescence, zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The prevalences obtained for Giardia spp. were 33,3% by direct immunofluorescence, 30% by zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and 16,7% by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, with a good statistical agreement between the first and second techniques (k=0,69). In relation to Cryptosporidium spp., a prevalence of 5% was observed by both direct immunofluorescence and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, also with a good statistical agreement between these techniques (k=0,65). There was significantly (p<0,05) higher prevalence of Giardia spp. in kennelled dogs (65,2%), in dogs from Lisbon kennel (86,7%) and in kennel dogs with liquid (100%) and pasty (68,8%) fecal consistency. Any risk factors or association to fecal consistency were found in relation to Cryptosporidium spp. Parasitic association of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. was the most prevalent and statistically significant. In positive samples of Giardia spp. that were subjected to molecular genotyping (10/20), it was only found assemblages C and D. This study has showed a greater prevalence of these protozoans, mostly of Giardia spp., in kennel environment and comparatively to other endoparasites. Kennel origin was considered a risk factor for Giardia spp. infection, with a greater risk in dogs from kennels with a higher number of animals. Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining have proven to be the techniques with a higher cost-benefit for Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. detection, respectively. Given the high prevalence of these parasites, mostly of Giardia spp. in kennel dogs, these animals can pose a greater risk of zoonotic transmission to the technical team of the studied kennels and to the future owners.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Giardia Cryptosporidium cães diagnóstico prevalência Lisboa dogs diagnosis prevalence Lisbon
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Teixeira, J.C.M.V.M. (2019). Comparação da prevalência de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. entre canídeos de clínica e de canil da região de Lisboa, Portugal. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária