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Medição e factores determinantes do comércio intra-ramo : uma aplicação ao caso português
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Resumo(s)
A existência de comércio de produtos pertencentes à mesma indústria (comércio intraramo -CIR) tem sido objecto de ampla investigação teórica e empírica ao longo, sobretudo, dos últimos 25 anos. A magnitude deste tipo de comércio e os menores custos de ajustamento que, normalmente, lhe são associados justificam este estudo detalhado. Nos últimos anos, graças ao surgimento de novas linhas de investigação que visam colmatar algumas das lacunas existentes na análise anterior, o estudo do CIR ganhou um renovado interesse. Neste contexto, um dos mais importantes contributos consiste na aplicação, em termos empíricos, da desagregação do CIR em CIR vertical (de produtos diferenciados pela qualidade) e CIR horizontal (de produtos diferenciados pelas características). No presente trabalho, após apresentarmos os principais quadros teóricos que servem de suporte explicativo à existência de CIR, concentramo-nos na sua avaliação empírica em Portugal. Assim, procedemos à avaliação quantitativa dos diferentes tipos de CIR no caso português (em termos globais e numa perspectiva bilateral) na década de 90. Para tal, utilizamos, preferencialmente, a metodologia de análise usualmente designada "metodologia do CEPII". Complementarmente, utilizamos o clássico indicador de Grubel-Lloyd. Os resultados permitem concluir que o CIR é um fenómeno significativo e de importância crescente em Portugal. Concluímos, igualmente, que o CIR vertical é claramente dominante. Para além da medição do fenómeno em Portugal, procedemos, ainda, à avaliação econométrica da importância dos factores determinantes avançados pela teoria, no caso português. Os resultados desta análise permitem confirmar a grande vantagem em proceder ao estudo do CIR em termos desagregados dado que os factores determinantes de cada tipo de CIR são distintos.
The existence of trade of products belonging to the same industry (intra-industry tradeIIT) has been object of ample theoretical and empirical research mainly along the last 25 years. The magnitude of this trade type and the minor adjustment costs which are, normally, associated to it, justify this detailed study. In recent years, thanks to the appearance of new lines ofresearch aiming at overcoming some ofthe problems present in the previous analysis, IIT gained a renewed interest. In this context, one of the most important contributions consists in the application, in empirical terms, of the desegregation, for a long time established in theory, ofIIT into vertical IIT (of products differentiated by quality) and horizontal IIT (of products differentiated by characteristics). In the present work, after presenting the main theoretical aspects which are used as explanatory support to the existence of IIT, we concentrate on its empirical measurement in Portugal. Thus, we conduct the quantitative evaluation of the different IIT types in the Portuguese case (in global terms and in a bilateral perspective) in the 90's. For such an evaluation, we use preferentially the methodology of analysis usually known as CEPII methodology. Complementarly, we also use the classical Grubel-Lloyd index. The results allow us to conclude that IIT is a signifícant phenomenon with an increasing importance in Portugal. We also conclude that vertical IIT is clearly dominant. Beyond the measurement of the phenomenon in Portugal, we also conduct the econometric evaluation of the importance of the determinant factors of both IIT types, advanced by the theory, in the Portuguese case. The results of this analysis confirm the great advantage in conducting the study of IIT in desegregating terms since the determinant factors of each type ofIIT are distinct.
The existence of trade of products belonging to the same industry (intra-industry tradeIIT) has been object of ample theoretical and empirical research mainly along the last 25 years. The magnitude of this trade type and the minor adjustment costs which are, normally, associated to it, justify this detailed study. In recent years, thanks to the appearance of new lines ofresearch aiming at overcoming some ofthe problems present in the previous analysis, IIT gained a renewed interest. In this context, one of the most important contributions consists in the application, in empirical terms, of the desegregation, for a long time established in theory, ofIIT into vertical IIT (of products differentiated by quality) and horizontal IIT (of products differentiated by characteristics). In the present work, after presenting the main theoretical aspects which are used as explanatory support to the existence of IIT, we concentrate on its empirical measurement in Portugal. Thus, we conduct the quantitative evaluation of the different IIT types in the Portuguese case (in global terms and in a bilateral perspective) in the 90's. For such an evaluation, we use preferentially the methodology of analysis usually known as CEPII methodology. Complementarly, we also use the classical Grubel-Lloyd index. The results allow us to conclude that IIT is a signifícant phenomenon with an increasing importance in Portugal. We also conclude that vertical IIT is clearly dominant. Beyond the measurement of the phenomenon in Portugal, we also conduct the econometric evaluation of the importance of the determinant factors of both IIT types, advanced by the theory, in the Portuguese case. The results of this analysis confirm the great advantage in conducting the study of IIT in desegregating terms since the determinant factors of each type ofIIT are distinct.
Descrição
Mestrado em Economia Internacional
Palavras-chave
Comércio intra-ramo vertical Comércio intra-ramo horizontal Diferenciação do produto metodologia do CEPII factores determinantes do comércio intra-ramo modelos de comércio internacional vertical intra-industry trade horizontal intra-industry trade product differentiation CEPII methodology determinant factors of intra-industry trade intemational trade models
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Crespo, Nuno Miguel Pascoal (2001). "Medição e factores determinantes do comércio intra-ramo : uma aplicação ao caso português". Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão