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Exploração de fatores de risco associados à existência de consumo de substâncias e perturbações de humor
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A adolescência é um período de extrema importância no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de cada indivíduo. A existência de consumo de substâncias associado a perturbação de humor é prevalente e merece atenção clínica.
O estudo desenvolvido reuniu uma amostra de 110 participantes, entre os 14 e 18 anos, seguidos nas consultas de Medicina do Adolescente e em consulta de Obesidade do Adolescente, do Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital de Santa Maria. A primeira fase do estudo consistiu no preenchimento do questionário CRAFFT/CESARE, adaptado para a língua portuguesa, para avaliação da existência de consumo de substâncias por parte do adolescente. A segunda etapa do estudo consistiu na consulta dos respetivos processos clínicos, com colheita dados.
Foi efetuada a análise estatística dos dados recolhidos, que demonstrou a existência de perturbação depressiva major em 29 adolescentes (26,4%), com maior prevalência no género feminino. Verificou-se consumo de substâncias nos últimos doze meses em 60 adolescentes (54,5%). A substância mais consumida foi o álcool, seguida do tabaco. A comorbilidade mais prevalente foi a obesidade/excesso de peso afetando 43 indivíduos (39,1%), seguida da perturbação da ansiedade em 42 adolescentes (38,2%). Não foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência do consumo de substâncias consoante a presença ou ausência de perturbação de humor.
O estudo retrata a importância da abordagem holística do adolescente, tendo em atenção todas as esferas da sua vida. Destaca-se a relevância da implementação clínica de estratégias preventivas em adolescentes com maior vulnerabilidade intrínseca e presença de fatores de risco, de modo a evitar o surgimento de patologias que afetem significativamente a sua qualidade de vida e potencial de desenvolvimento.
Adolescence is a period of extreme importance regarding the personal development of every individual. The existence of substance use and mood disorder is significant and deserves clinical attention. This study gathered a sample of 110 participants, aged between 14 and 18 years old, followed at Adolescence Health Medicine Clinic and at Obesity in Adolescence Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics of Hospital de Santa Maria. The first phase of the study consisted of completing the CRAFFT/CESARE questionnaire, adapted for the Portuguese language, in order to assess the existence of substance consumption by the adolescent. The second stage of the study consisted of acessing the clinical files of the patient and collecting information. Statistical analysis of the collected data demonstrated the existence of major depressive disorder in 29 adolescents (26,4%) and a higher prevalence in females. On the other hand, there was substance consumption in the last twelve months in 60 adolescents (54,5%). The most consumed substance was alcohol, followed by tobacco. The most common comorbidity was obesity/overweight affecting 43 adolescents (39,1%), followed by anxiety disorder in 42 adolescents (38,2%). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of substance use depending on the presence or absence of mood disorders. In conclusion, the study portrays the importance of an holistic approach to adolescents, attending to all the spheres of their lives. The relevance of the clinical implementation of preventive strategies in adolescents with greater intrinsic vulnerability and risk factors is highlighted, in order to avoid the emergence of pathologies that significantly affect the quality of life and the development potential of adolescents.
Adolescence is a period of extreme importance regarding the personal development of every individual. The existence of substance use and mood disorder is significant and deserves clinical attention. This study gathered a sample of 110 participants, aged between 14 and 18 years old, followed at Adolescence Health Medicine Clinic and at Obesity in Adolescence Clinic of the Department of Pediatrics of Hospital de Santa Maria. The first phase of the study consisted of completing the CRAFFT/CESARE questionnaire, adapted for the Portuguese language, in order to assess the existence of substance consumption by the adolescent. The second stage of the study consisted of acessing the clinical files of the patient and collecting information. Statistical analysis of the collected data demonstrated the existence of major depressive disorder in 29 adolescents (26,4%) and a higher prevalence in females. On the other hand, there was substance consumption in the last twelve months in 60 adolescents (54,5%). The most consumed substance was alcohol, followed by tobacco. The most common comorbidity was obesity/overweight affecting 43 adolescents (39,1%), followed by anxiety disorder in 42 adolescents (38,2%). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of substance use depending on the presence or absence of mood disorders. In conclusion, the study portrays the importance of an holistic approach to adolescents, attending to all the spheres of their lives. The relevance of the clinical implementation of preventive strategies in adolescents with greater intrinsic vulnerability and risk factors is highlighted, in order to avoid the emergence of pathologies that significantly affect the quality of life and the development potential of adolescents.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Adolescência Perturbação de humor Consumo de substâncias Fatores de risco Fatores protetores. Pediatria