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Perturbações da Convenção de arbitragem
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A autonomia das partes é soberana. A justiça deve ser garantida, por exigência da lei maior, sem diferenciação da capacidade contributiva e do estado financeiro de um particular. Tais premissas podem facilmente ser confirmadas em inúmeros sistemas normativos, inclusive no português. Podem, majoritariamente ser seguidas por juristas sem justificativas profundas, eis que, de fato, são garantidas por lei e soberanas. Até que os referidos institutos e previsões legais entrem em conflito e não possam ser equacionados, pelo contrário, um direito inevitavelmente acaba sendo descartado em face do outro.
É o que ocorre quando a parte signatária de uma convenção de arbitragem incorre no estado de impecuniosidade e passa a não mais possuir condições de honrar com os seus compromissos, dentre eles, as despesas necessárias para a instauração ou participação no processo arbitral. A partir de então, cabe ao judiciário (e aos árbitros) identificar as construções doutrinárias bastantes para solucionar a questão e interpretar os respectivos sistemas normativos e preceitos legais disponíveis de forma eficiente e resolutiva. De preferência, sem desconsiderar por completo as garantias legais oferecidas pela lei.
Dentro dessas perspectivas é que foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho, abordando as respostas para o problema nas diferentes jurisdições, com ênfase na realidade portuguesa e analisando as construções doutrinárias verificadas para a elaboração desta dissertação de mestrado.
A perturbação da convenção de arbitragem, em particular o problema da falta de recursos financeiros, percorre o conflito entre o pacta sunt servanda e o acesso à justiça, garantias legais equivalentes e inafastáveis, mas que, quando em conflito, acabam sugerindo diferentes variações e interpretações, abordadas detalhadamente neste estudo.
The autonomy of the parties is sovereign. Justice must be guaranteed, as required by the higher law, without differentiating the contributory capacity and financial status of an individual. Such premises can easily be confirmed in numerous normative systems, including Portuguese. They can mostly be followed by jurists without deep justifications, since, in fact, they are guaranteed by law and sovereign. Until the aforementioned institutes and legal provisions that underlie them come into conflict and cannot be equated, on the contrary, one right inevitably ends up being discarded in the face of the other. This is what happens when the signatory party to an arbitration agreement incurs a state of impecunity and is no longer able to honor its commitments, including the expenses necessary for the initiation or participation in the arbitration process. From then on, it is up to the judiciary (and the arbitrators) to identify the doctrinal constructions sufficient to resolve the issue and interpret the respective normative systems and legal precepts available efficiently and resolutely. Preferably, without completely disregarding the legal guarantees offered by law. Within these perspectives, the present work was developed, addressing the answers to the problem in different jurisdictions, with emphasis on the Portuguese reality and analyzing the doctrinal constructions verified for the elaboration of this master's thesis. The disturbance of the arbitration agreement, in particular the problem of lack of financial resources, runs through the conflict between the pacta sunt servanda and access to justice, equivalent and inescapable legal guarantees, but which, when in conflict, end up suggesting different variations and interpretations, addressed in detail in this study.
The autonomy of the parties is sovereign. Justice must be guaranteed, as required by the higher law, without differentiating the contributory capacity and financial status of an individual. Such premises can easily be confirmed in numerous normative systems, including Portuguese. They can mostly be followed by jurists without deep justifications, since, in fact, they are guaranteed by law and sovereign. Until the aforementioned institutes and legal provisions that underlie them come into conflict and cannot be equated, on the contrary, one right inevitably ends up being discarded in the face of the other. This is what happens when the signatory party to an arbitration agreement incurs a state of impecunity and is no longer able to honor its commitments, including the expenses necessary for the initiation or participation in the arbitration process. From then on, it is up to the judiciary (and the arbitrators) to identify the doctrinal constructions sufficient to resolve the issue and interpret the respective normative systems and legal precepts available efficiently and resolutely. Preferably, without completely disregarding the legal guarantees offered by law. Within these perspectives, the present work was developed, addressing the answers to the problem in different jurisdictions, with emphasis on the Portuguese reality and analyzing the doctrinal constructions verified for the elaboration of this master's thesis. The disturbance of the arbitration agreement, in particular the problem of lack of financial resources, runs through the conflict between the pacta sunt servanda and access to justice, equivalent and inescapable legal guarantees, but which, when in conflict, end up suggesting different variations and interpretations, addressed in detail in this study.
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Arbitragem Impecuniosidade Insolvência Convenção de arbitragem Teses de mestrado - 2022