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Os cativos portugueses nos banhos magrebinos (1769-1830) : O Islão, o corso e a geoestratégia no Ocidente Mediterrâneo
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Entre os anos de 1754 e 1830 as mais importantes realidades políticas magrebinas
foram a Regência de Argel e o Império Alauíta. E nesse período permaneceram na Regência
mais de oito centenas de cativos. Portugal foi especialmente atingido pela actividade do corso
argelino, sendo necessária a perda de dois importantes navios da sua marinha de guerra – o
bergantim Lebre pequeno e a fragata Cisne – para que debaixo da protecção da Inglaterra a
diplomacia portuguesa conseguisse a obtenção de um Tratado e Trégua e Resgate com Argel
no ano de 1810 e a libertação de 615 portugueses ali cativos.
Esta dissertação pretende estudar, integrando-a na conjuntura internacional de final
do século XVIII e primeiras duas décadas do XIX, a permanência dos cativos portugueses em
Argel. Abordou-se assim a prática do corso e estratégia corsária – conceitos substancialmente
diferentes – por parte da França e da Ordem de Malta e estudou-se o corso do reino
marroquino e da Regência de Argel.
Finalmente tratou-se a importância das comunidades judaicas magrebinas e de
Gibraltar no esforço financeiro do reino português para a libertação dos seus cativos; a
existência de cativos muçulmanos em Portugal; o quotidiano dos portugueses em Argel
durante o cativeiro; os conflitos que com frequência eclodiram no seu seio, a coberto de falsos
motivos ideológicos, e a sua reintegração na sociedade portuguesa do início do século XIX.
During the second half of the eighteenth century and the first decades of nineteenth, more than a thousand of Portuguese captives remained in the Algerian “bagno” as a result of permanent struggles between European powers and the political realities that were the Regencies of Tripoli, Tunes, Algiers and the Moroccan Empire. More than eight hundred of Portuguese captives stayed, between 1754 and 1812, in the Regency of Algiers. Portugal was often attacked by Algerian corsairs and the loss of two important war ships – the brigantine Lebre pequeno and the frigate Cisne – was needed as well as the arrival to the Algerian “bagno” about more than three hundred captives to the Regency Governors in Lisbon began to think in the urgency of a Treaty Peace and Truce with the Turkish rulers in Algiers. For this purpose was important to the Portuguese kingdom English mediation and the Treaty that release 615 captives signed in July 1810. This dissertation aims to study, considering the international situation at the end of eighteen century and first decades of nineteenth, the permanence of Portuguese captives in Algiers. The practice of “corso” and corsair strategy by France and the Order of Malta has been studied as well as the activity of the corsairs of Moroccan Empire and Regency of Algiers. At last we researched the role played by the Jewish communities of Maghrib and Gibraltar in the Portuguese financial effort for the release of their captives; the existence of Muslim captives in Portugal; the daily lives of Portuguese in the Algerian regency during the captivity; the conflicts that frequently erupted under cover of false ideological reasons and captives reintegration into Portuguese society of the early nineteenth century.
During the second half of the eighteenth century and the first decades of nineteenth, more than a thousand of Portuguese captives remained in the Algerian “bagno” as a result of permanent struggles between European powers and the political realities that were the Regencies of Tripoli, Tunes, Algiers and the Moroccan Empire. More than eight hundred of Portuguese captives stayed, between 1754 and 1812, in the Regency of Algiers. Portugal was often attacked by Algerian corsairs and the loss of two important war ships – the brigantine Lebre pequeno and the frigate Cisne – was needed as well as the arrival to the Algerian “bagno” about more than three hundred captives to the Regency Governors in Lisbon began to think in the urgency of a Treaty Peace and Truce with the Turkish rulers in Algiers. For this purpose was important to the Portuguese kingdom English mediation and the Treaty that release 615 captives signed in July 1810. This dissertation aims to study, considering the international situation at the end of eighteen century and first decades of nineteenth, the permanence of Portuguese captives in Algiers. The practice of “corso” and corsair strategy by France and the Order of Malta has been studied as well as the activity of the corsairs of Moroccan Empire and Regency of Algiers. At last we researched the role played by the Jewish communities of Maghrib and Gibraltar in the Portuguese financial effort for the release of their captives; the existence of Muslim captives in Portugal; the daily lives of Portuguese in the Algerian regency during the captivity; the conflicts that frequently erupted under cover of false ideological reasons and captives reintegration into Portuguese society of the early nineteenth century.
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Guerra de corso - Mar Mediterrâneo - 1769-1830 Resgate dos cativos - 1769-1830 Cristãos - África do Norte - 1769-1830 Prisioneiros - África do Norte - 1769-1830 África do Norte - História - séc.18-19 Teses de doutoramento - 2017