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Estudo das estratégias de coping e catastrofização em adolescentes com dor crónica
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Resumo(s)
Estudos epidemiológicos sobre a prevalência da dor na população pediátrica indicam
valores entre 15 a 30% (Holm, Ljungman, & Söderlund, 2012; Perquin et al., 2000). São
múltiplos os estudos que investigam a dor crónica no adolescente mas são em menor número
os que estudam as associações entre a dor crónica, as estratégias de coping e a catastrofização.
pelo que a investigação nesta área se torna interessante.
Esta investigação teve como objectivos caracterizar a dor, as estratégias de coping e a
catastrofização em jovens com dor crónica e jovens de uma amostra comunitária e estudar
possíveis associações entre estas dimensões. Foram feitos estudos preliminares de 2
questionários e 3 escalas complementares complementares. São eles a Escala de
Catastrofização na Dor – PCS (Crombez et al., 2003), Questionário do Coping com a Dor –
PCQ na versão para jovens e pais, e as Escalas complementares de Efectividade do Coping –
Pain Coping Efectiveness, Controlabilidade na Dor – Pain and Emotion Controllability e
Reacções Emocionais à Dor – Emotional Reactions to Pain (Reid, Gilbert, & McGrath, 1998).
A amostra total foi composta por 80 adolescentes com idades entre os 12 e os 18 anos
(M=15,27; D.P.=2.05, em que 70% do sexo feminino) sendo que 30 integraram a amostra
clínica e 50 a amostra comunitária. A recolha de dados para a amostra clínica teve lugar no
Hospital Santa Maria de Lisboa e Hospital Garcia de Orta de Almada. No caso da amostra
comunitária os questionários foram preenchidos pelos adolescentes via internet.
Verifica- se que a média de dor na amostra comunitária é significativamente superior à
média de dor na amostra clínica. No entanto, a dor não foi exactamente medida da mesma
forma nas duas amostras: na amostra clínica a pergunta sobre a dor reportou à dor no
momento actual enquanto que na amostra comunitária foi medido o último episódio de dor
recordado pelo adolescente.
O estudo das correlações revelou existir uma correlação positiva entre o valor da escala
total da catastrofização e das três subescalas e os níveis de dor reportados, tanto na amostra
clínica como na amostra comunitária. No caso das estratégias de coping, na amostra
comunitária observou-se uma correlação negativa entre a distração comportamental e
cognitiva e o nível de dor reportado. O estudo das correlações entre as estratégias de coping e
a catastrofização indicou a existência de correlações positivas entre as variáveis.
Estes resultados sugerem a presença de experiências de dor não controlda na amostra
comunitária e de estados emocionais negativos e distorções nos processos cognitivos que
influenciam a utilização de estratégias de coping eficazes no confronto com a dor (Claar et al.,
2008)
Epidemiological studies on the pediatric population show pain prevalence between 15% and 30% (Holm, Ljungman, & Söderlund, 2012; Perquin et al., 2000). While multiple studies focus on the prevalence of chronic pain in teenagers, there are fewer studies focusing on the link between chronic pain, coping strategies and catastrofizing. Thus, research in this area is interesting. This research aimed to characterize pain , coping strategies and Catastrofizing, as well as possible links between them. Preliminary studies were carried on f 2 surveys and 3 complementary scales: Pain Catastrofizing Scale – PCS (Crombez et al., 2003), Pain Coping Questionnaire – PCQ child and parent version, and three complementary scales of Coping – Pain Coping Efectiveness, Pain and Emotion Controllability and Emotional Reactions to Pain (Reid, Gilbert, & McGrath, 1998). The total sample consisted of 80 adolescents aged 12 to 18 year old, with a clinical sample of 30 and a community sample of 50. Data for the clinical sample was collected at Hospital Santa Maria de Lisboa e Hospital Garcia de Orta de Almada, and data for the community sample was collected online. Results show that the average pain in the community sample is significantly higher than the average pain in the clinical sample, However, pain measures were different in the two samples: in the clinical sample, current pain was assessed, while in the community sample, pain during the last episode was reported. We found a positive correlation between the total value of catastrophizing and the three subscales with pain levels reported, for both samples. In terms of coping strategies, a negative correlation was found between the behavioral and cognitive distraction and the pain levels reported for the community sample. In this study of the correlations positive correlations were found between coping and catastrophizing. These results suggest the presence of uncontrolled pain in the community sample and negative emotional states and distortions in the cognitive processes that influence the use of efficient coping strategies when dealing with pain. (Claar et al., 2008)
Epidemiological studies on the pediatric population show pain prevalence between 15% and 30% (Holm, Ljungman, & Söderlund, 2012; Perquin et al., 2000). While multiple studies focus on the prevalence of chronic pain in teenagers, there are fewer studies focusing on the link between chronic pain, coping strategies and catastrofizing. Thus, research in this area is interesting. This research aimed to characterize pain , coping strategies and Catastrofizing, as well as possible links between them. Preliminary studies were carried on f 2 surveys and 3 complementary scales: Pain Catastrofizing Scale – PCS (Crombez et al., 2003), Pain Coping Questionnaire – PCQ child and parent version, and three complementary scales of Coping – Pain Coping Efectiveness, Pain and Emotion Controllability and Emotional Reactions to Pain (Reid, Gilbert, & McGrath, 1998). The total sample consisted of 80 adolescents aged 12 to 18 year old, with a clinical sample of 30 and a community sample of 50. Data for the clinical sample was collected at Hospital Santa Maria de Lisboa e Hospital Garcia de Orta de Almada, and data for the community sample was collected online. Results show that the average pain in the community sample is significantly higher than the average pain in the clinical sample, However, pain measures were different in the two samples: in the clinical sample, current pain was assessed, while in the community sample, pain during the last episode was reported. We found a positive correlation between the total value of catastrophizing and the three subscales with pain levels reported, for both samples. In terms of coping strategies, a negative correlation was found between the behavioral and cognitive distraction and the pain levels reported for the community sample. In this study of the correlations positive correlations were found between coping and catastrophizing. These results suggest the presence of uncontrolled pain in the community sample and negative emotional states and distortions in the cognitive processes that influence the use of efficient coping strategies when dealing with pain. (Claar et al., 2008)
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia da Saúde e Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2014
Palavras-chave
Dor crónica Adolescência Coping na adolescência Teses de mestrado - 2014