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A protocol to evaluate retinal vascular response using optical coherence tomography angiography

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dc.contributor.authorSousa, David Cordeiro
dc.contributor.authorLeal, Ines
dc.contributor.authorMoreira, Susana
dc.contributor.authorVale, Sónia do
dc.contributor.authorSilva-Herdade, Ana S.
dc.contributor.authorAguiar, Patrício
dc.contributor.authorDionísio, Patrícia
dc.contributor.authorPinto, Luis
dc.contributor.authorCastanho, Miguel A. R. B.
dc.contributor.authorMarques-Neves, Carlos
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-21T11:39:07Z
dc.date.available2020-10-21T11:39:07Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.descriptionCopyright © 2019 Sousa, Leal, Moreira, do Vale, Silva-Herdade, Aguiar, Dionísio, Abegão Pinto, Castanho and Marques-Neves. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these termspt_PT
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel diagnostic tool with increasing applications in ophthalmology clinics that provides non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the retinal microvasculature. Our aim is to report in detail an experimental protocol for analyzing both vasodilatory and vasoconstriction retinal vascular responses with the available OCT-A technology. Methods: A commercial OCT-A device was used (AngioVue®, Optovue, CA, United States), and all examinations were performed by an experienced technician using the standard protocol for macular examination. Two standardized tests were applied: (i) the hypoxia challenge test (HCT) and (ii) the handgrip test, in order to induce a vasodilatory and vasoconstriction response, respectively. OCT-A was performed at baseline conditions and during the stress test. Macular parafoveal vessel density of the superficial and deep plexuses was assessed from the en face angiograms. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA v14.1 and p < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Twenty-four eyes of 24 healthy subjects (10 male) were studied. Mean age was 31.8 ± 8.2 years (range, 18–57 years). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the superficial plexus increased from 54.7 ± 2.6 in baseline conditions to 56.0 ± 2.0 in hypoxia (p < 0.01). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the deep plexuses also increased, from 60.4 ± 2.2 at baseline to 61.5 ± 2.1 during hypoxia (p < 0.01). The OCT-A during the handgrip test revealed a decrease in vessel density in both superficial (55.5 ± 2.6 to 53.7 ± 2.9, p < 0.001) and deep (60.2 ± 1.8 to 56.7 ± 2.8, p < 0.001) parafoveal plexuses. Discussion: In this work, we detail a simple, non-invasive, safe, and non-costly protocol to assess a central nervous system vascular response (i.e., the retinal circulation) using OCT-A technology. A vasodilatory response and a vasoconstriction response were observed in two physiologic conditions—mild hypoxia and isometric exercise, respectively. This protocol constitutes a new way of studying retinal vascular changes that may be applied in health and disease of multiple medical fields.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon, AstraZeneca Foundation – 14th Grant.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Neuroscience 12 June 2019 | Volume 13 | Article 566pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fnins.2019.00566pt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1662-453X
dc.identifier.issn1662-4548
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/44631
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherFrontierspt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience#pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectOptical coherence tomography angiographypt_PT
dc.subjectRetinal vascular responsept_PT
dc.subjectRetinal superficial plexuspt_PT
dc.subjectRetinal deep plexuspt_PT
dc.subjectHypoxia challenge testpt_PT
dc.subjectHandgrip testpt_PT
dc.subjectAutonomic nervous systempt_PT
dc.titleA protocol to evaluate retinal vascular response using optical coherence tomography angiographypt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Neurosciencept_PT
oaire.citation.volume13pt_PT
person.familyNameSousa
person.familyNameLeal
person.familyNameMoreira
person.familyNamedo Vale
person.familyNameSilva-Herdade
person.familyNameAbegão Pinto
person.familyNameCastanho
person.familyNameMarques Neves
person.givenNameDavid Cordeiro
person.givenNameInes
person.givenNameSusana
person.givenNameSónia
person.givenNameAna S.
person.givenNameLuis
person.givenNameMiguel
person.givenNameCarlos
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rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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