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Prevenção da otite média na infância
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A otite média é uma patologia com grande impacto na população, principalmente em idade pediátrica, sendo que a otite média aguda é a causa mais comum de prescrição antibiótica na infância. Esta tem inúmeros fatores de risco potencialmente evitáveis, que serão abordados neste artigo de forma pormenorizada. Existem métodos preventivos eficazes que estão a ser estudados e implementados. A importância do saneamento básico como forma de prevenir potenciais sequelas irreversíveis é uma preocupação emergente, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, e que tem de ser melhor entendida pelos médicos de diferentes especialidades que contactam com estes doentes. Existem inúmeros tratamentos, porém nem sempre são eficazes e seguros para as crianças, nomeadamente quando envolvem procedimentos cirúrgicos recorrentes. No presente artigo aborda-se primeiramente de forma resumida as definições-chave associadas à otite média, bem como a sua fisiopatologia. De seguida, referem-se diversos estudos epidemiológicos e etiológicos tanto a nível global como regional acerca da otite média. Por último, retratam-se os principais fatores de risco estudados e a respetiva forma de os prevenir, abordando também as formas de tratamento farmacológico e cirúrgico desta patologia.
Otitis media is a pathology with great impact in the population, especially in paediatric age, in which the acute otitis media is the leading cause of antibiotic prescription. This disease has a lot of risk factors that are potentially evitable. These will be addressed later in detail. There are effective preventive methods that are being studied and implemented at the present. The importance of basic sanitation as a way to prevent irreversible complications of otitis media is an emerging concern, particularly in developing countries. They have to be better understood by doctors of different specialties who contact with these patients. There are uncountable methods of treatment, however they are not as effective and safe for children as doctors expect them to be, especially those which involve recurrent surgical procedures. In this article, the keywords related to otitis media are at first defined, as well as the pathophysiology of this disease. Then, I will refer various epidemiological and aetiological studies, worldwide and regional, about otitis media. Finally, I will talk about the main risk factors of this disease and the respective way of preventing them, as well as the different forms of pharmacological and surgical treatment.
Otitis media is a pathology with great impact in the population, especially in paediatric age, in which the acute otitis media is the leading cause of antibiotic prescription. This disease has a lot of risk factors that are potentially evitable. These will be addressed later in detail. There are effective preventive methods that are being studied and implemented at the present. The importance of basic sanitation as a way to prevent irreversible complications of otitis media is an emerging concern, particularly in developing countries. They have to be better understood by doctors of different specialties who contact with these patients. There are uncountable methods of treatment, however they are not as effective and safe for children as doctors expect them to be, especially those which involve recurrent surgical procedures. In this article, the keywords related to otitis media are at first defined, as well as the pathophysiology of this disease. Then, I will refer various epidemiological and aetiological studies, worldwide and regional, about otitis media. Finally, I will talk about the main risk factors of this disease and the respective way of preventing them, as well as the different forms of pharmacological and surgical treatment.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Palavras-chave
Otite média Factores de risco Prevenção Epidemiologia Tratamento Otorrinolaringologia