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Estudo comparativo entre análises citológica e histopatológica no diagnóstico de tumores de canídeos
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Resumo(s)
O estágio curricular que deu origem a esta dissertação de mestrado teve lugar na AZEVET –
Clínica Veterinária, situada em Brejos de Azeitão – Setúbal, e no Laboratório de Anatomia
Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. O presente estudo pretende dar um
contributo para a compreensão das virtudes e das limitações da análise citológica,
comparativamente à análise histopatológica. A análise citológica é um meio complementar
diagnóstico pouco invasivo, que permite determinar a origem de uma lesão, seja ela
inflamatória, neoplásica ou quística. A citologia permite, ainda, caracterizar as lesões em
benignas ou malignas, determinando a origem celular das lesões neoplásicas, em epitelial,
mesenquimatosa, de células redondas ou de origem neuroendócrina. No âmbito deste
estudo comparativo, foram seguidos 28 canídeos, de ambos os sexos e diferentes raças.
Estes animais apresentavam múltiplos nódulos/massas tumorais, num total de 57
neoformações. Para se diagnosticar a origem destas lesões, efectuaram-se punções
aspirativas com agulha fina (PAAF) com o fim de se proceder ao exame citológico.
Complementarmente, foram realizadas exéreses cirúrgicas das lesões, e, quando possível,
necrópsias. As amostras colhidas foram analisadas microscopicamente no Laboratório de
Anatomia Patológica da FMV, procedendo-se ao estudo comparativo dos resultados
citológicos e histopatológicos. No presente estudo optou-se por separar os tumores
mamários, dos restantes tumores, pois tratam-se de neoplasias com grande expressão na
clínica diária e com especificidades próprias. Assim, no que respeita à concordância entre a
citologia e a histopatologia dos tumores mamários, esta foi de 92,3%, um valor superior aos
encontrados na literatura. Os restantes tumores, de variadíssimos tipos, obtiveram uma
concordância de 71%, o que se encontra um pouco abaixo do descrito por outros autores.
Estes dados quando apreciados no seu conjunto, permitem constatar que a fiabilidade geral
da citologia no presente estudo situou-se nos 80,7%. Este valor comprova que a análise
citológica é uma técnica com alta aplicabilidade clínica, embora tenha algumas limitações.
Esta técnica pode ser melhorada em termos de fiabilidade com o aumento da sua utilização
e da sensibilização dos clínicos para as suas enormes vantagens.
ABSTRACT This thesis was developped at AZEVET – Clínica Veterinária, in Brejos de Azeitão, Setúbal and in the Laboratory of Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The present study shows the strengths and the weaknesses of the use of the cytological diagnosis, compared with histopathology. Cytologic analysis is a complementary diagnostic test that helps to identify the origin of a lesion, if it is inflammatory, neoplastic or cystic. It also permits to verify in neoplastic lesions if these are benign or malignant, of epithelial or mesenchymal origin, round cell tumours or of neuroendocrine origin. This comparative study of cytology and histopathology was performed on 28 dogs of both sexes and different breeds. The animals showed multiple nodules/tumoral masses, performing a total of 57 nodular growths. For the diagnosis of all these lesions, a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed to do the cytological analysis. At the time of surgical resection or necropsy, samples were taken for histopathological exam. All the collected material was sent to the Laboratory of Pathology of FMV, where the comparative study of the results was made. In the present study the mammary tumours were separated from other nodules or neoplasms, because that neoplasms are a type of tumour with great expression in the daily clinical work. As a result, the accuracy of the cytology compared with the histopathology in the mammary tumours was 92,3%, which is higher than in other studies in this area. The other samples studied belong to a variety of different tumours, and the accuracy in this case was about 71%, which is lower than other studies developed in similar cases. If we appreciate the accuracy of the global study, with both mammary tumours and other lesions together, the final result is about 80,7%, which shows that the cytological exam is a very useful test in veterinary clinics, in spite of its limitations, and that it could be improved with the daily application and with the increase of awareness of the clinicians to its value.
ABSTRACT This thesis was developped at AZEVET – Clínica Veterinária, in Brejos de Azeitão, Setúbal and in the Laboratory of Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The present study shows the strengths and the weaknesses of the use of the cytological diagnosis, compared with histopathology. Cytologic analysis is a complementary diagnostic test that helps to identify the origin of a lesion, if it is inflammatory, neoplastic or cystic. It also permits to verify in neoplastic lesions if these are benign or malignant, of epithelial or mesenchymal origin, round cell tumours or of neuroendocrine origin. This comparative study of cytology and histopathology was performed on 28 dogs of both sexes and different breeds. The animals showed multiple nodules/tumoral masses, performing a total of 57 nodular growths. For the diagnosis of all these lesions, a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed to do the cytological analysis. At the time of surgical resection or necropsy, samples were taken for histopathological exam. All the collected material was sent to the Laboratory of Pathology of FMV, where the comparative study of the results was made. In the present study the mammary tumours were separated from other nodules or neoplasms, because that neoplasms are a type of tumour with great expression in the daily clinical work. As a result, the accuracy of the cytology compared with the histopathology in the mammary tumours was 92,3%, which is higher than in other studies in this area. The other samples studied belong to a variety of different tumours, and the accuracy in this case was about 71%, which is lower than other studies developed in similar cases. If we appreciate the accuracy of the global study, with both mammary tumours and other lesions together, the final result is about 80,7%, which shows that the cytological exam is a very useful test in veterinary clinics, in spite of its limitations, and that it could be improved with the daily application and with the increase of awareness of the clinicians to its value.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Tumores Canídeos Citologia PAAF Histopatologia Tumours Dogs Cytology FNAB Histopathology
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária