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Impacto do 2º confinamento devido à pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental e física dos adolescentes
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Introdução: No início do ano de 2021, a escalada do número de infeções e internamentos por COVID-19 obrigou a um novo confinamento da população portuguesa, durante os meses de fevereiro e março, com o objetivo de conter a propagação de SARS-CoV-2. A nova suspensão das atividades letivas, com a transição para um modelo de ensino à distância, veio alterar de forma acentuada o quotidiano dos adolescentes, gerando grande instabilidade. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto do segundo confinamento (fevereiro e março de 2021), devido à pandemia de COVID-19, na saúde física e mental dos adolescentes, em Portugal. Metodologia: Aplicou-se um questionário a adolescentes, entre os 13 e os 18 anos de idade, que incluía caracterização sociodemográfica e perguntas relativas ao período do segundo confinamento sobre alimentação, atividade física e saúde mental, sendo este último parâmetro avaliado através de uma versão adaptada da Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress de 21 itens. Resultados e Conclusões: Participaram no estudo 111 adolescentes (55,9% raparigas), 46,8% tinham entre 13 e 15 anos de idade e 15,3% apresentavam doença crónica. Durante o segundo confinamento, 28,8% dos adolescentes passaram a ter uma alimentação menos saudável e 45,9% realizaram menos de 1 hora de atividade física por semana. Em termos de saúde mental, as raparigas registaram níveis superiores de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e stress (p<0,001). Os adolescentes que praticaram menos atividade física também apresentaram níveis mais elevados de ansiedade (p=0,015) e stress (p=0,045). Já o grupo de participantes dos 13 aos 15 anos registou menores níveis de stress (p=0,010) face ao grupo de adolescentes mais velhos. Em suma, as consequências negativas do confinamento identificadas neste estudo devem promover uma reflexão sobre este tema, com vista à implementação de estratégias para as prevenir, caso seja necessário recorrer de novo a medidas de contenção da pandemia.
Introduction: At the beginning of 2021, the rapid increase in the number of people infected and hospitalized with COVID-19 led to a new lockdown in Portugal, during February and March, that aimed to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Once again, schools were closed and students had to get used to learning online. This situation caused a major change in teenagers’ routines, generating great vulnerability. Objectives: To assess the impact that the second lockdown (February and March 2021), due to the COVID-19 pandemic, had in the physical and mental health of teenagers in Portugal. Methods: The impact of the lockdown was evaluated by applying a questionnaire to teenagers between 13 and 18 years of age. It included a first part with the goal of characterizing the demographic and social aspects of the sample. There were also questions about eating habits, physical activity and mental health. This last parameter was assessed through an adapted version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales – 21 items. Results and Conclusions: 111 teenagers participated in this investigation (55,9% girls), 46,8% were between 13 and 15 years of age and 15,3% had a chronic disease. During the second lockdown, 28,8% reported worse eating habits than before and 45,9% practiced less than 1 hour of physical activity per week. Regarding mental health, girls had higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms (p<0,001). Teenagers who practiced less physical activity also had higher levels of anxiety (p=0,015) and stress (p=0,045). Participants aged between 13 and 15 years reported less stress (p=0,010) than the older ones. In conclusion, the negative consequences of the second lockdown identified in this study should prompt a deep discussion about this matter, aiming to promote strategies that prevent them if new measures to contain the virus are needed.
Introduction: At the beginning of 2021, the rapid increase in the number of people infected and hospitalized with COVID-19 led to a new lockdown in Portugal, during February and March, that aimed to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Once again, schools were closed and students had to get used to learning online. This situation caused a major change in teenagers’ routines, generating great vulnerability. Objectives: To assess the impact that the second lockdown (February and March 2021), due to the COVID-19 pandemic, had in the physical and mental health of teenagers in Portugal. Methods: The impact of the lockdown was evaluated by applying a questionnaire to teenagers between 13 and 18 years of age. It included a first part with the goal of characterizing the demographic and social aspects of the sample. There were also questions about eating habits, physical activity and mental health. This last parameter was assessed through an adapted version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales – 21 items. Results and Conclusions: 111 teenagers participated in this investigation (55,9% girls), 46,8% were between 13 and 15 years of age and 15,3% had a chronic disease. During the second lockdown, 28,8% reported worse eating habits than before and 45,9% practiced less than 1 hour of physical activity per week. Regarding mental health, girls had higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms (p<0,001). Teenagers who practiced less physical activity also had higher levels of anxiety (p=0,015) and stress (p=0,045). Participants aged between 13 and 15 years reported less stress (p=0,010) than the older ones. In conclusion, the negative consequences of the second lockdown identified in this study should prompt a deep discussion about this matter, aiming to promote strategies that prevent them if new measures to contain the virus are needed.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Adolescentes 2º confinamento COVID-19 Saúde mental Saúde física Pediatria