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A sépsis e o choque séptico são patologias que comportam uma elevada taxa de mortalidade.
A utilização de protocolos como a Via Verde da Sépsis permitem uma abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica mais eficaz a vários níveis. Este algoritmo é composto por 4 passos sequenciais, sendo o último deles (“avaliação avançada e terapêutica”) particularmente importante na estabilização hemodinâmica de doentes em choque séptico. O protocolo preconiza a utilização de substâncias farmacológicas, como a fluidoterapia, que permitam reverter a hipotensão.
Se o perfil hipotensivo persistir após a administração de fluidos, recorre-se a vasopressores, como as catecolaminas, que têm sido objecto de debate na comunidade científica nas últimas décadas. A noradrenalina é actualmente o vasopressor de primeira linha, sendo a dopamina e a adrenalina menos utilizadas, por se associarem a mais efeitos adversos.
Em caso de falência dos vasopressores, considera-se a adição de agentes inotrópicos para reverter a hipoperfusão tecidual e em caso de agravamento clínico após estas terapêuticas, é possível utilizar corticosteróides.
Sepsis and septic shock are pathologies that carry a high mortality rate. The use of protocols such as the green pathway of sepsis allows a better diagnostic and therapeutic approach in several levels. This algorithm is composed of 4 sequential steps, the latter one (“advanced evaluation and therapeutics”) being particularly important in the hemodynamic stabilization of septic shock patients. The protocol recommends the use of pharmacological substances, such as fluids, which correct the hypotension. In case of fluid resistance, one can use vasopressors, for instance catecholamines, which have been the subject of debate in the scientific community in recent decades. Noradrenaline is currently the first line vasopressor, with dopamine and adrenaline being less used, because of their association with significant adverse effects. If an appropriate response cannot be obtained with the use of vasopressors, one should consider the addition of an inotropic agent to reverse the hypoperfusion of tissues. In case of clinical worsening after high doses of this medications, corticosteroids may be tried.
Sepsis and septic shock are pathologies that carry a high mortality rate. The use of protocols such as the green pathway of sepsis allows a better diagnostic and therapeutic approach in several levels. This algorithm is composed of 4 sequential steps, the latter one (“advanced evaluation and therapeutics”) being particularly important in the hemodynamic stabilization of septic shock patients. The protocol recommends the use of pharmacological substances, such as fluids, which correct the hypotension. In case of fluid resistance, one can use vasopressors, for instance catecholamines, which have been the subject of debate in the scientific community in recent decades. Noradrenaline is currently the first line vasopressor, with dopamine and adrenaline being less used, because of their association with significant adverse effects. If an appropriate response cannot be obtained with the use of vasopressors, one should consider the addition of an inotropic agent to reverse the hypoperfusion of tissues. In case of clinical worsening after high doses of this medications, corticosteroids may be tried.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Palavras-chave
Sépsis Choque séptico Fluidoterapia Vasopressores Inotrópicos
