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O hipoadrenocorticismo é uma doença endócrina, pouco comum em cães (ou aparentemente
sub-diagnosticada), que resulta de uma produção insuficiente de mineralocorticóides e de
glucocorticóides pela glândula adrenal. A destruição do córtex da adrenal caracteriza o
Hipoadrenocorticismo primário, ou Doença de Addison, e é a causa mais comum da
insuficiência do córtex em cães. Esta doença pode ter várias origens, entre as quais uma
destruição auto-imune ou uma causa idiopática.
O hipoadrenocorticismo primário é uma doença sistémica de evolução crónica e com
implicações variadas ao nível dos diferentes órgãos, e apresenta uma grande variabilidade
clínica. Esta variabilidade clínica torna por vezes o seu diagnóstico difícil uma vez que pode
ser confundida com outras doenças, tais como a insuficiência renal e as gastroenterites
crónicas. O diagnóstico deve ser obtido o mais rapidamente possível, uma vez que iniciando
uma correcta terapêutica de substituição nestes animais, a doença tem uma progressão
favorável.
O estudo retrospectivo realizado no âmbito deste trabalho, teve como objectivo avaliar os
sinais clínicos, físicos e laboratoriais de 10 casos de hipoadrenocorticismo primário, num
período de 2 anos. Foram seleccionados animais com diagnóstico confirmado da doença, foi
feita uma revisão da história clínica, do exame clínico, avaliação laboratorial (hemograma,
ionograma, perfil bioquímico renal e pH) e teste de estimulação com hormona
adrenocorticotrófica (ACTH). Os sinais clínicos apresentados pelos animais, embora
subjectivos, foram em todos os casos muito semelhantes. A azotémia pré-renal foi uma
constante em todos os animais. Contrariamente ao descrito na literatura não obtivemos
alterações do hemograma. O rácio Na+/K+ é concordante com estudos semelhantes, assim
como os valores baixos de cortisol pré e pós ACTH. Após análise dos dados recolhidos
pudemos concluir que o rácio Na+/K+ e a prova de estimulação de ACTH são essenciais na
confirmação de diagnóstico de hipoadrenocorticismo primário.
ABSTRACT - PRIMARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM IN DOG: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 10 CLINICAL CASES Hypoadrenocorticism is an endocrine disease, uncommon in dogs (or maybe subdiagnosed), that results in a deficient production of mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids by the adrenal gland. The destruction of the adrenal cortex defined primary hypoadrenocorticism, or Addison’s disease, and it’s the more frequent cause of adrenal cortex hipofunction in dogs. The causes of the disease are varied, but an autoimmune or idiopathic disturbance seem to be the main factors. Primary hypoadrenocorticism is a systemic disease with a chronic progression and with multiple implications in different organs; therefore the disease presents a vast clinical variability. Sometimes this variability makes the diagnosis hard to be made, once it can be mistaken with other diseases like renal insufficiency and chronic gastroenteritis. The diagnosis should be made the quickest possible, once, when the correct replacement therapy in these animals is settled, the disease has a better prognostic. The main goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical, physical and laboratorial data of ten cases of primary hypoadrenocorticism, in a period of two years. Animals with a positive diagnostic of the disease were selected and a revision of the clinical history, physical examination, evaluation of the laboratorial blood data (CBC, ionogram, renal biochemical analysis and pH) and a stimulation test with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was made. Though subjective, the clinical manifestations were in all the cases very similar. The prerenal azotaemia was present in all animals. No alterations were observed in blood cells count. The Na+/K+ ratio is according with similar studies, as well as low levels of cortisol pre- and post-ACTH. Finally, after data analysis we were able to conclude that the Na+/K+ ratio and stimulation test with ACTH are the main tools to confirm the diagnostic of primary hypoadrenocorticism.
ABSTRACT - PRIMARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM IN DOG: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 10 CLINICAL CASES Hypoadrenocorticism is an endocrine disease, uncommon in dogs (or maybe subdiagnosed), that results in a deficient production of mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids by the adrenal gland. The destruction of the adrenal cortex defined primary hypoadrenocorticism, or Addison’s disease, and it’s the more frequent cause of adrenal cortex hipofunction in dogs. The causes of the disease are varied, but an autoimmune or idiopathic disturbance seem to be the main factors. Primary hypoadrenocorticism is a systemic disease with a chronic progression and with multiple implications in different organs; therefore the disease presents a vast clinical variability. Sometimes this variability makes the diagnosis hard to be made, once it can be mistaken with other diseases like renal insufficiency and chronic gastroenteritis. The diagnosis should be made the quickest possible, once, when the correct replacement therapy in these animals is settled, the disease has a better prognostic. The main goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical, physical and laboratorial data of ten cases of primary hypoadrenocorticism, in a period of two years. Animals with a positive diagnostic of the disease were selected and a revision of the clinical history, physical examination, evaluation of the laboratorial blood data (CBC, ionogram, renal biochemical analysis and pH) and a stimulation test with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was made. Though subjective, the clinical manifestations were in all the cases very similar. The prerenal azotaemia was present in all animals. No alterations were observed in blood cells count. The Na+/K+ ratio is according with similar studies, as well as low levels of cortisol pre- and post-ACTH. Finally, after data analysis we were able to conclude that the Na+/K+ ratio and stimulation test with ACTH are the main tools to confirm the diagnostic of primary hypoadrenocorticism.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Hipoadrenocorticismo primário Doença de Addison Cão Primary hypoadrenocorticism Addison’s disease Dog
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Santana, A.P.A. (2009). Hipoadrenocorticismo primário no cão: estudo retrospectivo de 10 casos clínicos. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária
