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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Após a consolidação da Revolução em 1959-61, Cuba iniciou um processo de integração no mundo socialista e aí se manteve durante cerca de trinta anos constituindo um dos pivots da guerra fria. Em 1989-90 a maioria dos países socialistas, sem outras saídas para uma profunda crise, é atraída para a grande massa da chamada globalização económica aceitando a transição incondicional e rápida para uma economia de mercado. Apanhada indirectamente neste turbilhão, Cuba procurou conservar o essencial da sua revolução socialista. Este trabalho pretende fornecer uma perspectiva do desenvolvimento económico de Cuba após o desaparecimento da URSS, e da (re)introdução do mercado enquanto um dos aspectos centrais de resolução da crise económica e de reintegração internacional - a transição cubana. Mais especificamente, fazer uma crítica do programa de estabilização e ajuste estrutural que ocorre em Cuba, no sentido de integrar mecanismos de mercado na coordenação da actividade económica e promover o investimento estrangeiro - a "nova economia cubana", e, por outro lado, caracterizar o equilíbrio precário estabelecido entre a urgência de maior eficiência e os princípios socialistas de igualdade, dignidade e solidariedade, fazendo referência a tentativas anteriores e às actuais perspectivas. A manutenção das opções actuais dependerá da efectiva consolidação dos novos equilíbrios macroeconómicos e dos avanços efectuados na reforma estrutural da economia, assegurando em simultâneo o máximo das garantias sociais.
Tenta-se confrontar a perspectiva oficial de construção de um mercado de meios de produção no contexto de uma economia socialista com as propostas alternativas de implantação de um mercado de tipo capitalista, mencionando também os cenários de transição económica de países socialistas da Ásia Oriental e da Europa de Leste. Apresentamos, em paralelo, elementos do debate teórico sobre a coordenação económica, nomeadamente o cálculo económico no planeamento central, e as formas de propriedade, de acordo com as correntes contemporâneas do socialismo económico, e seus críticos. Procuramos ainda referir a relação entre equidade e desenvolvimento económico e social, em especial acerca da reversibilidade de alguns indicadores sociais face à pressão generalizada de liberalização dos mercados e privatização da propriedade.
After the consolidation of the revolution in 1959-61 Cuba initiated an integration process in the socialist world, where it remained about thirty years as one of the lead protagonists of the cold war. ln 1989-90 most of the socialist countries, unable to find other solutions for the crisis, are attracted to the econornic globalisation and accept the unconditional and quick transition to a market economy. Caught in the rniddle of that process, Cuba tries to preserve the essential of its own socialist revolution. This paper aims to provide a perspective of the econornic development in Cuba, right after the dissolution of the USSR, and the reintroduction of market mechanisms as a major step towards the resolution of the economic crisis and international reintegration- the cuban transition. More specifically, it criticises the stabilisation programme and the structural adjustment process that occurs in Cuba, when trying to integrate market mechanisms in the co-ordination of the econornic activity and the promotion of foreign investment - the "new cuban economy". It will also try to characterise the precarious balance between the need for greater efficiency and the respect for the socialist principies of equality, dignity and solidarity. For that purpose we shall refer to previous attempts and current perspectives. Keeping the present options will depend on an effective consolidation of the new macroeconomic balance and on the progress made in the structural reform of the economy, while maintaining the maximum of the social guarantees. We try to confront the official perspective of building a means of production market in the context of a socialist economy with the other propositions of creating a capitalist-like market, mentioning the scenarios of the econornic transition in other socialist countries in Eastern Asia and Eastern Europe. On the side we shall present elements from the theoretical debate on econornic coordination, namely the economic calculus on central planning, and the types of ownership as seen by the current lines of economic socialism thought and its critics. We will also mention the connection between equity and social and economic development, particularly the reversibility of some social figures when faced against the pressure for the liberalisation of markets and privatisation of property.
After the consolidation of the revolution in 1959-61 Cuba initiated an integration process in the socialist world, where it remained about thirty years as one of the lead protagonists of the cold war. ln 1989-90 most of the socialist countries, unable to find other solutions for the crisis, are attracted to the econornic globalisation and accept the unconditional and quick transition to a market economy. Caught in the rniddle of that process, Cuba tries to preserve the essential of its own socialist revolution. This paper aims to provide a perspective of the econornic development in Cuba, right after the dissolution of the USSR, and the reintroduction of market mechanisms as a major step towards the resolution of the economic crisis and international reintegration- the cuban transition. More specifically, it criticises the stabilisation programme and the structural adjustment process that occurs in Cuba, when trying to integrate market mechanisms in the co-ordination of the econornic activity and the promotion of foreign investment - the "new cuban economy". It will also try to characterise the precarious balance between the need for greater efficiency and the respect for the socialist principies of equality, dignity and solidarity. For that purpose we shall refer to previous attempts and current perspectives. Keeping the present options will depend on an effective consolidation of the new macroeconomic balance and on the progress made in the structural reform of the economy, while maintaining the maximum of the social guarantees. We try to confront the official perspective of building a means of production market in the context of a socialist economy with the other propositions of creating a capitalist-like market, mentioning the scenarios of the econornic transition in other socialist countries in Eastern Asia and Eastern Europe. On the side we shall present elements from the theoretical debate on econornic coordination, namely the economic calculus on central planning, and the types of ownership as seen by the current lines of economic socialism thought and its critics. We will also mention the connection between equity and social and economic development, particularly the reversibility of some social figures when faced against the pressure for the liberalisation of markets and privatisation of property.
Description
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
Keywords
Economia cubana Transição Socialismo de mercado Sistema de saúde Custos sociais Cuba Cuban economy Transition Market socialism Health system Social costs
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Anselmo, João Carlos de Freitas Catarino, (1999)." Cuba : socialismo e mecanismos de mercado nos anos noventa". Tese de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão