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As mulheres no espaço público : experiências urbanas femininas em Portugal
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Desde a Grécia Antiga, há uma ideologia existente no Ocidente que conecta o gênero feminino à esfera privada da domesticidade e o gênero masculino à esfera pública de Jürgen Habermas. No ambiente urbano, essa dicotomia esteve intensificada em determinados períodos, como podemos notar na contestada inexistência do contraponto feminino do flâneur, uma figura emblemática da cidade moderna, ou nos subúrbios de classe média no pós-Segunda Guerra da cultura anglo-americana. Atualmente, as fronteiras entre o espaço privado e o espaço público estão menos nítidas em decorrência dos avanços sociais e da proeminência das mulheres no mercado de trabalho. No entanto, a associação entre o gênero feminino com a esfera privada ultrapassou barreiras culturais, temporais, econômicas e geográficas, mostrando-se ainda presente na sociedade portuguesa, ainda que de maneira mais branda. Em outras palavras, as mulheres movimentam-se com maior liberdade pelas ruas, mas vivenciam experiências e padrões de mobilidade urbanos distintos e que são resultantes da associação do gênero feminino à esfera privada. Esse panorama abrange a compreensão de que os espaços nas cidades funcionam como uma reprodução cultural dos processos políticos, econômicos, sociais e históricos vigentes. Por meio de uma revisão literária científica, abordamos as vivências das mulheres nos espaços públicos de Portugal em dois tópicos principais conectados com a ideologia das esferas separadas: (i) a sobrecarga de trabalho reprodutivo (i.e. tarefas domésticas e cuidados familiares) mesmo quando estão a trabalhar em tempo integral; e (ii) a prática do assédio nas ruas que origina insegurança no gênero feminino.
Since Ancient Greece, there is an ideology in the West that associates the public sphere of Jürgen Habermas with the male and the private sphere of domesticity with the female. For instance, one can recognize this dichotomy and the feminine exclusion from the public space realm with the flâneur of Charles Baudelaire, an emblematic figure of the construction of the modern city, or the gendered home in the middle-class suburbs after the World War II. Even though distinctions between public and private sphere are blurred nowadays due to social progress and the feminization of the workforce, this belief transcended cultural, economic, geographical, and historical barriers, also shaping the current use of space in the city. That is, while women in the last century have become much more mobile in western cities, they still experience both public and private spaces in different ways than men. This happens because urban spaces behave as a place of cultural reproduction of historical conjunctures since they are socially constructed through economic and political processes, as well as practices and power relations. With this in mind, we address two main topics of women’s experiences nowadays in Portugal that are connected with the ideology of separate spheres from a theoretical perspective based on literature review: (i) the burden of reproductive labor (i.e. household chores and family care) even when they work full time; and (ii) women experiencing discomfort and insecurity when walking the streets due to sexual harassment in public spaces.
Since Ancient Greece, there is an ideology in the West that associates the public sphere of Jürgen Habermas with the male and the private sphere of domesticity with the female. For instance, one can recognize this dichotomy and the feminine exclusion from the public space realm with the flâneur of Charles Baudelaire, an emblematic figure of the construction of the modern city, or the gendered home in the middle-class suburbs after the World War II. Even though distinctions between public and private sphere are blurred nowadays due to social progress and the feminization of the workforce, this belief transcended cultural, economic, geographical, and historical barriers, also shaping the current use of space in the city. That is, while women in the last century have become much more mobile in western cities, they still experience both public and private spaces in different ways than men. This happens because urban spaces behave as a place of cultural reproduction of historical conjunctures since they are socially constructed through economic and political processes, as well as practices and power relations. With this in mind, we address two main topics of women’s experiences nowadays in Portugal that are connected with the ideology of separate spheres from a theoretical perspective based on literature review: (i) the burden of reproductive labor (i.e. household chores and family care) even when they work full time; and (ii) women experiencing discomfort and insecurity when walking the streets due to sexual harassment in public spaces.
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Mulheres em meio urbano - Portugal - Condições sociais Comportamento espacial - Portugal Mobilidade social - Portugal Mobilidade geográfica - Portugal Papel segundo o sexo - Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2019