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“Progresso com justiça e desenvolvimento com igualdade”: a gaiola de ferro nas prestações de contas eleitorais e partidárias no Brasil
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Esta tese investiga as dinâmicas do controle das prestações de contas eleitorais e partidárias no
Brasil, analisando desafios estruturais e institucionais que comprometem a fiscalização do
financiamento político. Fundamentado em teorias sobre burocracia, institucionalismo e
mudanças organizacionais, o estudo utiliza entrevistas e questionários aplicados a servidores
dos tribunais regionais eleitorais para compreender as dificuldades na aplicação das normativas
eleitorais e a persistência de práticas informais no sistema político brasileiro.
Os achados indicam que a flexibilização das normas, aliada ao não cumprimento do
princípio da preclusão, transforma a fiscalização das contas públicas em um processo
meramente simbólico. Isso favorece o surgimento de instituições informais acomodativas, que
substituem funções das entidades formais, comprometendo a transparência do financiamento
eleitoral.
A análise das reformas institucionais desde 1965 evidencia avanços normativos pontuais,
mas também resistência à ruptura com práticas tradicionais. A burocracia estatal, caracterizada
por rigidez normativa e um processo decisório centralizado, distancia as instituições das
demandas da sociedade civil. Esse fenômeno reflete um isomorfismo institucional que perpetua
modelos administrativos ineficazes, dificultando adaptações necessárias à governança
democrática.
Os resultados indicam que fortalecer a governança eleitoral exige não apenas reformas
normativas, mas também a aproximação entre instituições e sociedade civil. Educação cívica,
transparência e responsabilização de agentes políticos são fundamentais para um sistema
eleitoral mais equitativo e legítimo.
Conclui-se que as reformas institucionais no Brasil enfrentam desafios estruturais que
comprometem sua eficácia. Superar barreiras burocráticas e combater a influência de
instituições informais são passos essenciais para fortalecer a integridade do financiamento
político e restaurar a confiança no sistema eleitoral.
This thesis investigates the dynamics of electoral and party financial accountability in Brazil, focusing on the challenges faced by public institutions. Grounded in theories of bureaucracy, institutionalism, and organizational change, the study employs interviews and surveys with officials from regional electoral courts to identify structural and procedural barriers that hinder the effective enforcement of electoral regulations, as well as to reveal informal practices that persist within the Brazilian political system. The findings indicate that the frequent amendments to formal rules – often aimed at relaxing controls – and the failure to uphold the principle of preclusion suggest an underlying intention to transform financial oversight into a mere bureaucratic formality. This environment fosters the emergence of accommodative informal institutions, which assume functions that should be exclusively performed by formal entities. An analysis of institutional reforms and recent regulatory modifications highlights incremental progress alongside persistent resistance to breaking away from entrenched practices. The bureaucratic culture that characterizes Brazilian political institutions largely distances them from societal demands, reflecting a system that has yet to achieve full democratization. The results suggest that strengthening electoral institutions requires more than normative and structural adjustments – it demands closer ties between institutions and civil society. Civic education, political transparency, and the accountability of public officials emerge as key pillars for fostering a more inclusive and democratic political system. The study concludes that institutional reforms in Brazil reflect profound democratic challenges, underscoring the need for solutions that enhance transparency and fairness. Ensuring a more equitable and accountable electoral systemis crucial for advancing democratic governance and reinforcing public trust in political institutions.
This thesis investigates the dynamics of electoral and party financial accountability in Brazil, focusing on the challenges faced by public institutions. Grounded in theories of bureaucracy, institutionalism, and organizational change, the study employs interviews and surveys with officials from regional electoral courts to identify structural and procedural barriers that hinder the effective enforcement of electoral regulations, as well as to reveal informal practices that persist within the Brazilian political system. The findings indicate that the frequent amendments to formal rules – often aimed at relaxing controls – and the failure to uphold the principle of preclusion suggest an underlying intention to transform financial oversight into a mere bureaucratic formality. This environment fosters the emergence of accommodative informal institutions, which assume functions that should be exclusively performed by formal entities. An analysis of institutional reforms and recent regulatory modifications highlights incremental progress alongside persistent resistance to breaking away from entrenched practices. The bureaucratic culture that characterizes Brazilian political institutions largely distances them from societal demands, reflecting a system that has yet to achieve full democratization. The results suggest that strengthening electoral institutions requires more than normative and structural adjustments – it demands closer ties between institutions and civil society. Civic education, political transparency, and the accountability of public officials emerge as key pillars for fostering a more inclusive and democratic political system. The study concludes that institutional reforms in Brazil reflect profound democratic challenges, underscoring the need for solutions that enhance transparency and fairness. Ensuring a more equitable and accountable electoral systemis crucial for advancing democratic governance and reinforcing public trust in political institutions.
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Palavras-chave
Financiamento politico Burocracia Instituição informal Mudança institucional