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Contributo para o estudo do contrato de trabalho marítimo : o trabalho a bordo de navios da marinha comercial
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De forma a ajustar a legislação nacional aos comandos da OIT, Portugal aprovou a Lei n.º 146/2015, de 9 de setembro que regula a atividade e bordo de navios da marinha mercante comercial.
Este novo regime veio, em linha com a Convenção de Trabalho Marítimo de 2006, introduzir importantes alterações para as condições de trabalho e de vida dos marítimos. Revela-se uma maior preocupação em garantir que o trabalho a bordo é prestado de forma digna, sem violar importantes direitos do trabalhador: o direito ao descanso, à alimentação e à retribuição.
Não obstante o esforço dos Estados para criar mecanismos que reforcem e tutelem o direitos dos
trabalhadores marítimos, continuam a existir matérias que carecem de uma análise mais detalhada. O tema da contratação de marítimos por terceiras entidades que não os armadores é um desses exemplos.
No presente trabalho pretendemos analisar o regime especial do contrato de trabalho a bordo de navios comerciais, bem como apreciar as suas principais particularidades, entre as quais, a formação, a segurança e a saúde dos marítimos; o recrutamento; a retribuição; o local de trabalho e o repatriamento.
O regime aplicável ao contrato de trabalho a bordo será confrontado não apenas com o regime geral do trabalho em vigor em Portugal, mas também com a legislação internacional que aborda esta matéria.
Para além de debatermos as principais questões relacionadas com este contrato de trabalho, pretendemos, no essencial, apresentar as principais regras jurídicas que o regulam, as quais se encontram dispersas por inúmeros diplomas legais.
Com efeito, apesar de o regime do trabalho a bordo ser aquele que historicamente mais tem preocupado a OIT, são poucas as obras que, em Portugal, se dedicam a este tema. Por essa razão, acreditamos ser essencial promover o debate sobre estas matérias, para com isso criar soluções jurídicas que melhor se ajustem à realidade do setor marítimo.
In order to adapt national legislation to ILO regulations, Portugal approved Law no.146 of 9 September 2015 which regulates work on board of ships engaged in commercial activities. This new regime was adopted - pursuant to the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 - to make major changes to the working and living conditions of seafarers. There is greater concern for ensuring that shipboard work is provided in a dignified manner, without breaching important seafarers’ rights: the right to rest, food and remuneration. Notwithstanding the effort States have made to create mechanisms which strengthen and oversee seafarers’ rights, there are still some areas which require more detailed analysis. A case in point is the hiring of seafarers by third party entities other than ship-owners. The present work seeks to analyse the special regime pertaining to employment agreements on board commercial vessels as well as ascertaining their main features, including training, the health and safety of maritime workers; recruitment; remuneration; the workplace and repatriation. The legislation applicable to seafarers’ employment agreements will be compared not only with the general employment regime in force in Portugal, but also with the international legislation pertaining to this area. Besides discussing the main issues related with this employment agreement, we are essentially seeking to present the main legal rules regulating said agreements and which are to be found dispersed amongst numerous laws. Indeed, despite the fact that the on-board employment regime is the one which has historically been the greatest cause of concern to the ILO, there are few works devoted to this theme in Portugal. This is why we believe it is essential to foster a debate about these topics, thereby allowing us to create legal solutions which better suit the real state of affairs in the maritime sector.
In order to adapt national legislation to ILO regulations, Portugal approved Law no.146 of 9 September 2015 which regulates work on board of ships engaged in commercial activities. This new regime was adopted - pursuant to the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 - to make major changes to the working and living conditions of seafarers. There is greater concern for ensuring that shipboard work is provided in a dignified manner, without breaching important seafarers’ rights: the right to rest, food and remuneration. Notwithstanding the effort States have made to create mechanisms which strengthen and oversee seafarers’ rights, there are still some areas which require more detailed analysis. A case in point is the hiring of seafarers by third party entities other than ship-owners. The present work seeks to analyse the special regime pertaining to employment agreements on board commercial vessels as well as ascertaining their main features, including training, the health and safety of maritime workers; recruitment; remuneration; the workplace and repatriation. The legislation applicable to seafarers’ employment agreements will be compared not only with the general employment regime in force in Portugal, but also with the international legislation pertaining to this area. Besides discussing the main issues related with this employment agreement, we are essentially seeking to present the main legal rules regulating said agreements and which are to be found dispersed amongst numerous laws. Indeed, despite the fact that the on-board employment regime is the one which has historically been the greatest cause of concern to the ILO, there are few works devoted to this theme in Portugal. This is why we believe it is essential to foster a debate about these topics, thereby allowing us to create legal solutions which better suit the real state of affairs in the maritime sector.
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Direito do trabalho Contrato de trabalho Marinha mercante Trabalhador Armador Teses de mestrado - 2017