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O trabalho que se exporá, tem como finalidade investigar a seguinte questão: considerando a existência do direito fundamental de reproduzir, a metamorfose familiar e a evolução na maneira de ter filhos, a partir de uma análise legislativa e jurisprudencial do direito brasileiro, quem são ou podem ser os beneficiários da procriação medicamente assistida (PMA)? Para isto, realiza-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e
legislativa. Primeiramente, analisa-se a importância da reprodução humana perante as pessoas ao longo dos anos, e como o conhecimento científico, ao dominar o saber sobre o processo reprodutivo, conferiu autonomia reprodutiva e revolucionou a forma de ter filhos. Após, faz-se uma descrição das técnicas de PMA e a preocupação com estas do ponto de vista da bioética e do direito. Logo em seguida, tendo a premissa de ser a
reprodução humana um direito fundamental, busca-se conhecer o seu conteúdo a partir das perguntas: há um direito de não reproduzir? Há um direito a ter filhos biológicos? Há um direito a ter filhos por meio da PMA? Após definido o conteúdo deste direito, procura-se identificar a sua proteção no âmbito internacional, para na sequência, verificar os direitos fundamentais do ordenamento brasileiro que recepcionam o direito de reproduzir e o fundamenta. A partir da constatação de que o direito de reproduzir pode ser exercido por intermédio da PMA, e que antes disso é um direito que tem como titular todo cidadão, são abordadas algumas condições e critérios que podem ser utilizados para determinar os seus beneficiários. A seguir, discorrerá sobre quais destas condições e critérios foram adotadas por países como Portugal e Itália, ao definir os beneficiários da PMA e legislar sobre o tema. Após este estudo comparado das opções realizadas por outros países, explora-se a ínfima disposição legal sobre a PMA no Brasil, bem com analisa-se as resoluções do Conselho Federal de Medicina, que na falta de lei, é o que determina a utilização da PMA no país. Finalmente, aborda-se acerca da necessidade de lei, ao passo que se analisa a jurisprudência no que respeita à PMA e os projetos de lei que pretende regulamentá-la, especificamente os beneficiários.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the following question: considering the existence of the fundamental right to reproduce, the family metamorphosis and the evolution in the way of having children, based on a legislative and jurisprudential analysis of Brazilian law, who are or can be the beneficiaries of medically assisted procreation (PMA)? For this, a bibliographical, jurisprudential and legislative research is carried out. First, an analysis of the importance of human reproduction towards people over the years, and how scientific knowledge, by mastering knowledge about the reproductive process, conferred reproductive autonomy and revolutionized the way we have children. Afterwards, a description of the PMA techniques and the concern with them from the point of view of bioethics and law is given. Then, with the premise that human reproduction is a fundamental right, one seeks to understand it from the point of view: is there a right not to reproduce? Is there a right to have biological children? Is there a right to have children through the PMA? After defining the meaning of that right, it is sought to identify its protection in the international scope, in order to verify the fundamental rights of the Brazilian legislation to receive the right to reproduce and its foundation. From the finding that the right to reproduce can be exercised through the PMA, and that it is a right held by every citizen, some conditions and criteria can be used to determine who benefits. It will then discuss which of these conditions and criteria have been adopted by countries such as Portugal and Italy, by defining PMA beneficiaries and legislations on the subject. After this comparative study of the options carried out by other countries, the minimal legal provision on the PMA in Brazil is explored, as well as the resolutions of the Federal Medical Council, which, in the absence of a law, is what determines the use of the PMA’s in the country. Finally, it addresses the need for a law, while examining the case law with regard to the PMA and the bills it intends to regulate, specifically the beneficiaries.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the following question: considering the existence of the fundamental right to reproduce, the family metamorphosis and the evolution in the way of having children, based on a legislative and jurisprudential analysis of Brazilian law, who are or can be the beneficiaries of medically assisted procreation (PMA)? For this, a bibliographical, jurisprudential and legislative research is carried out. First, an analysis of the importance of human reproduction towards people over the years, and how scientific knowledge, by mastering knowledge about the reproductive process, conferred reproductive autonomy and revolutionized the way we have children. Afterwards, a description of the PMA techniques and the concern with them from the point of view of bioethics and law is given. Then, with the premise that human reproduction is a fundamental right, one seeks to understand it from the point of view: is there a right not to reproduce? Is there a right to have biological children? Is there a right to have children through the PMA? After defining the meaning of that right, it is sought to identify its protection in the international scope, in order to verify the fundamental rights of the Brazilian legislation to receive the right to reproduce and its foundation. From the finding that the right to reproduce can be exercised through the PMA, and that it is a right held by every citizen, some conditions and criteria can be used to determine who benefits. It will then discuss which of these conditions and criteria have been adopted by countries such as Portugal and Italy, by defining PMA beneficiaries and legislations on the subject. After this comparative study of the options carried out by other countries, the minimal legal provision on the PMA in Brazil is explored, as well as the resolutions of the Federal Medical Council, which, in the absence of a law, is what determines the use of the PMA’s in the country. Finally, it addresses the need for a law, while examining the case law with regard to the PMA and the bills it intends to regulate, specifically the beneficiaries.
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Direitos fundamentais Procriação medicamente assistida Jurisprudência Brasil Teses de mestrado - 2018
