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Highly divergent subtypes and new recombinant forms prevail in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Angola: New insights into the origins of the AIDS pandemic

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dc.contributor.authorBártolo, Inês
dc.contributor.authorRocha, Cheila
dc.contributor.authorBartolomeu, José
dc.contributor.authorGama, António
dc.contributor.authorMarcelino, Rute
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Marlene
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Ana
dc.contributor.authorEpalanga, Marta
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Patrícia Cavaco
dc.contributor.authorTaveira, Nuno
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-15T00:01:30Z
dc.date.available2025-08-15T00:01:30Z
dc.date.issued2009
dc.date.updated2023-02-03T14:41:11Z
dc.descriptionCopyright © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractAngola, located in South-Western Africa, has a remarkably low HIV/AIDS prevalence in the adult population (3.7%). It is bordered in the North by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Republic of Congo that are at the origin of human HIV-1 infections. It is, therefore, likely that HIV-1 strains circulating in Angola are genetically diverse and representative of the origin of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The aim of this work was to investigate in detail the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Angola. Almost 400 sequences were obtained from the gag (p17), pol (PR and RT) and/or env (C2C3) genes of 159 HIV-1 infected patients living in eight provinces of Angola (Benguela, Cabinda, Cuanza Norte, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Malange, Uíge, and Zaire) and their genotype was determined by phylogenetic analyses. Gene regions representing all HIV-1 group M clades were found as well as unclassifiable sequences. In env and pol (RT), two groups of sequences forming distinct sub-clusters within the subtype A radiation were found and may define new A5 and A6 sub-subtypes. Recombinant forms were found in almost half (47.1%) of the patients of which 36.0% were second-generation recombinants. Fifty-eight different patterns of recombination were found. The A subtype, including CRF02_AG, was represented in most recombinant viruses. Epidemiological data suggests that the AIDS epidemic in Angola has probably started as early as 1961, the major cause being the independence war, and spread to Portugal soon thereafter. The extraordinary degree of HIV-1 group M genetic diversity and evolution in Angola may pose unprecedented challenges to diagnostic, treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by grants from Fundação GlaxoSmithKline das Ciências da Saúde and Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Portugal. Pedro Borrego is gratefully acknowledged for help in some of the phylogenetic analysis presented in this paper. Inês Bártolo is the recipient of a PhD scholarship from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal. Part of this work was presented in the 13th International Bioinformatics Workshop on Virus Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, 9–14 September 2007, Lisbon, Portugal.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationBártolo I, Rocha C, Bartolomeu J, Gama A, Marcelino R, Fonseca M, et al. Highly divergent subtypes and new recombinant forms prevail in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Angola: New insights into the origins of the AIDS pandemic. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2009;9:672–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2008.05.003.pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.meegid.2008.05.003pt_PT
dc.identifier.eid2-s2.0-68949103933
dc.identifier.slugcv-prod-1108464
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/102931
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567134808001214pt_PT
dc.subjectAngolapt_PT
dc.subjectHIV-1pt_PT
dc.subjectMolecular epidemiologypt_PT
dc.subjectSubtypespt_PT
dc.subjectRecombinantspt_PT
dc.titleHighly divergent subtypes and new recombinant forms prevail in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Angola: New insights into the origins of the AIDS pandemicpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage682pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue4pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage672pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleInfection, Genetics and Evolutionpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume9pt_PT
person.familyNameBártolo
person.familyNameTaveira
person.givenNameInês
person.givenNameNuno
person.identifier318426
person.identifier476379
person.identifier.ciencia-id661E-F5CB-F85A
person.identifier.ciencia-id7111-3383-A926
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2022-8921
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0176-5585
person.identifier.ridA-7477-2014
person.identifier.ridA-6252-2014
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8418824400
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6602731390
rcaap.cv.cienciaid661E-F5CB-F85A | Inês Bártolo
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication17555d0a-4e10-49ce-b415-00fe51b57cfd
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb57e2ea6-7336-4f8f-96a9-9ff4677829ee
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb57e2ea6-7336-4f8f-96a9-9ff4677829ee

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