A carregar...
Publicação
Necessidades de água e estratégias de rega de campos de golfe
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
The irrigation management of golf courses has recently become of great importance, mainly
in water scarcity conditions. This is due to the increase of water demand in urban areas.
The choice of the turf grass is essential for the reduction of water consumption. The main
focus of this study is the evaluation of the irrigation systems used in a golf course, located
at Oeiras, and the assessment of irrigation water requirements and scheduling strategies to
obtain a healthy turf grass. Field assessments provided for the evaluation of the sprinkler
irrigation systems, and respective uniformity was estimated. Results have shown that three
test areas were classified as uniform, and two other were classified as having sufficient
uniformity. The soil water content in different locations was observed under various
irrigation schedules: a daily irrigation for C3 grass, and four different schedules for C4
grass: irrigation frequencies of 1, 2, 3 and 4 times per week. The equipment used for
measurements of the soil water content was the Delta-T Profile Probe (PR1). These
observations allowed the calibration and validation of WinISAREG model and the
consequent estimation of crop coefficients and soil water depletion fractions for no-stress
relative to both grass types. The landscape net irrigation requirements were calculated
through soil water balance simulations, adopting the actual irrigation schedules and soil
water content. These irrigation requirements were estimated with the combination of
reference evapotranspiration (ETO) with the landscape coefficient parameterized from the
crop coefficients derived with the WinISAREG model as referred above. It was observed
that the visual quality of the turf grass was affected in C4 grasses when the irrigation
frequency decreased below 4 irrigations per week, but the quality of the grass for playing
was not affected. The visual quality and conditions for playing of C3 grasses were not
affected during the study period. This application to a specific golf course may be extended
to other areas using modeling; it also may be concluded that the adopted model can
support the decision making on turf grass irrigation for gulf courses when water use has to
be improved.-----------------------------------A gestão da rega dos campos de golfe tem-se tornado nos últimos anos de
importância vital em especial quando em anos de carência hídrica. Essa importância devese
ao aumento da competição pela procura de água no espaço urbano. Assim, os
objectivos do presente estudo são a avaliação dos sistemas de rega utilizados num campo
de golfe situado na região de Oeiras e avaliar várias estratégias de rega com vista à
obtenção de relva de qualidade. Para tal realizou-se trabalho de campo para avaliar os
sistemas de rega por aspersão utilizados e foram determinados os índices de uniformidade
de distribuição. Observou-se a evolução da água do solo em vários locais correspondendo
a um tratamento de rega diária com plantas C3, e quatro tratamentos com plantas C4 com
1, 2, 3 e 4 regas por semana. Estas observações permitiram calibrar e validar o modelo
WinISAREG, determinar os coeficientes culturais e a fracção de depleção sem causar
stress. As necessidades hídricas do espaço verde foram assim calculadas com base em
simulações do balanço hídrico do solo, utilizando os calendários de rega e teores de água
do solo observados. Estas necessidades hídricas foram calculadas combinando a
evapotranspiração de referência (ETO) com o coeficiente de espaços verdes parametrizado
a partir dos coeficientes culturais. Conclui-se que a rega 1 ou 2 vezes por semana é
inapropriada para as C4. Esta aplicação a um campo de golfe específico pode ser
estendida por modelação e o modelo agora utilizado poderá servir de apoio à gestão.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Hortofruticultura e Viticultura - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Palavras-chave
WinISAREG model irrigation management golf courses field assessments water balance balanço hidrico gestão da rega espaços verdes