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Cancro pancreático
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Em 2020 o cancro do pâncreas, adenocarcinoma ductal do pâncreas (PDAC), foi o oitavo cancro que registou maior mortalidade. O mau prognóstico da doença associa-se ao seu diagnóstico tardio, sendo que menos de 20% dos indivíduos são diagnosticados num estadio em que a resseção cirúrgica é possível, apesar da ausência de sintomas específicos. Assim, surge a necessidade de estabelecer uma estratégia que permita realizar o diagnóstico da doença num estadio inicial, de forma a aumentar a taxa de cura e de sobrevivência aos 5 anos.
Consequentemente, emerge a importância dos biomarcadores no diagnóstico precoce do cancro do pâncreas, uma vez que estes permitem estabelecer o diagnóstico e prognóstico da doença, assim como avaliar a sua resposta à terapêutica, de forma não invasiva e economicamente acessível. Atualmente, o antigénio carbohidrato 19-9 (CA19-9) é o único biomarcador aprovado pela Food and Drug Administration, contudo este biomarcador apresenta limitações.
Nesta monografia procedeu-se à revisão bibliográfica dos biomarcadores descritos, capazes de estabelecer o diagnóstico precoce do cancro do pâncreas, com elevada sensibilidade e especificidade, bem como dos biomarcadores com valor prognóstico e terapêutico.
In 2020, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), was the eighth cancer with the highest mortality. The poor prognosis of the disease is associated with its late diagnosis, with less than 20% of individuals diagnosed at a stage in which surgical resection is still possible, despite the absence of specific symptoms. Therefore, there is a need to establish a strategy that allows the early-stage diagnosis of the disease, in order to increase the rate of cure and the at 5-years survival rate. Consequently, the importance of the early-stage biomarkers arises, since they allow establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, as well as evaluating its response to therapy, in a non-invasive and affordable way. Currently the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is the only biomarker approved by the Food and Drug Administration, however this biomarker as its limitations. This monograph carried out a literature review of described biomarkers capable of performing the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, with high sensitivity and specificity, as well as biomarkers with prognostic and therapeutic value.
In 2020, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), was the eighth cancer with the highest mortality. The poor prognosis of the disease is associated with its late diagnosis, with less than 20% of individuals diagnosed at a stage in which surgical resection is still possible, despite the absence of specific symptoms. Therefore, there is a need to establish a strategy that allows the early-stage diagnosis of the disease, in order to increase the rate of cure and the at 5-years survival rate. Consequently, the importance of the early-stage biomarkers arises, since they allow establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, as well as evaluating its response to therapy, in a non-invasive and affordable way. Currently the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is the only biomarker approved by the Food and Drug Administration, however this biomarker as its limitations. This monograph carried out a literature review of described biomarkers capable of performing the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, with high sensitivity and specificity, as well as biomarkers with prognostic and therapeutic value.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
PDAC Biomarcador Diagnóstico precoce CA19-9 Mestrado integrado - 2022