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A razoável duração do processo é princípio constitucional positivado entre os direitos e garantias constitucionais desde a Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004, ao inserir o inciso LXXVIII no artigo 5º da Constituição Federal, destinado a assegurar que os processos, judiciais e administrativos, se desenvolvam em prazo razoável, com o compromisso de o Estado prover os meios indispensáveis para que esse direito fundamental se concretize. Ocorre que tanto o legislador ordinário como a doutrina, debruçando-se apenas ao processo judicial, parecem ter esquecido do tratamento do prazo razoável voltado ao procedimento administrativo, deixando de oferecer meios necessários à concretização da razoável duração desse procedimento, não menos importante que o processo judicial. Através de um procedimento administrativo efetivo evitar-se-ia que a questão, muitas vezes, chegasse ao Judiciário, aumentando a credibilidade da Administração Pública no manejo dos procedimentos que tramitam perante os seus Órgãos. Como objeto da presente investigação, elegeu-se a questão da vinculação da Administração Pública ao direito fundamental à razoável duração do processo, com o intuito de perfilar as balizas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais que sustentam sua existência mesmo antes de ser positivado, como forma de impedir que ocorra retrocesso e, como consequência, a sua inobservância, vedando a criação de normas constitucionais e ordinárias em sentido contrário a essa garantia que corresponde a uma eficácia negativa. Para a concretização do direito ao prazo razoável, imprescindível passar pela noção de razoabilidade, ínsita ao próprio direito fundamental, inclinando-se para uma visão aberta resultando na indispensável ponderação da situação concreta apresentada para adequada determinação do prazo razoável à luz de cada caso que deve ser analisado, tendo em vista não se poder chegar a essa noção por meio de simples somatório de prazos estabelecidos na lei, como vêm decidindo os tribunais brasileiros com a única intenção de observar o direito positivado como fundamental no texto constitucional, conforme decisões colacionadas, em notas de rodapé, ao longo do texto e apresentação dos temas. Por fim, apresenta soluções concretas de racionalização do tempo para o procedimento administrativo, fundadas na dogmática jurídico-administrativa contemporânea, sugerindo que o legislador ordinário volte-se agora aos meios que imprimam celeridade adequada, no sentido do que se considera razoável para certo procedimento administrativo, além de demonstrar a possibilidade de controle democrático da atuação administrativa através do Acordo de planejamento procedimental, como instrumento jurídico sugerido para concretizar a duração razoável do procedimento, prestigiando a participação do particular no procedimento administrativo.
The reasonable duration of the process is constitutional principle included among the rights and constitutional guarantees through the Constitutional Amendment 45/2004 which entered the item LXXVIII to Article 5 of the Constitution, to ensure that the judicial and administrative processes are conducted within a reasonable time, with the State's commitment to provide the necessary resources for that fundamental right effectiveness. It turns out that both the ordinary legislator and the doctrine seem to have forgotten the treatment of reasonable time relating to the administrative procedure, looking only to the judicial process, and not giving attention to the means necessary to carry out reasonable duration of the administrative procedure, which is no less important than the judicial process. It could even be possible to avoid many actions coming to the judiciary if credibility were deposited to the Public Administration in the management of procedures that pass before their organs. As the object of this investigation it was elected the question of linking the public administration to the fundamental right to reasonable time in order to affiliate the constitutional and infra beacons that sustain its existence even before coming into the constitution as a way to prevent the occurrence of a setback as the consequence of failure to comply with it, and to forbid the creation of constitutional and common standards in the opposite direction to this guarantee which corresponds to a negative effectiveness. To the realization of the right to the reasonable time it is also necessary to ponder the notion of reasonableness inherent to this fundamental right, leaning toward an open view resulting in the essential consideration of the particular situation presented to its proper determination in each case, considering that it is not possible to reach this notion through the simple sum of deadlines established by law in force, as the Brazilian courts have been deciding with the sole intention of observing this constitutional right, as shown in collated decisions in footnotes throughout the text and presentation of themes. Finally, grounded on the contemporary administrative law doctrine, it presents concrete solutions while streamlining to the administrative procedure, suggesting that the ordinary legislator should turn now to the means to print adequate speed to administrative procedures. It also shows the possibility of democratic control of the administrative action through the Procedural Planning Agreement (Acordo de planejamento procedimental), as a legal instrument suggested to achieve the reasonable duration of the procedure, prescribing the participation of the individual citizen in the administrative procedure.
The reasonable duration of the process is constitutional principle included among the rights and constitutional guarantees through the Constitutional Amendment 45/2004 which entered the item LXXVIII to Article 5 of the Constitution, to ensure that the judicial and administrative processes are conducted within a reasonable time, with the State's commitment to provide the necessary resources for that fundamental right effectiveness. It turns out that both the ordinary legislator and the doctrine seem to have forgotten the treatment of reasonable time relating to the administrative procedure, looking only to the judicial process, and not giving attention to the means necessary to carry out reasonable duration of the administrative procedure, which is no less important than the judicial process. It could even be possible to avoid many actions coming to the judiciary if credibility were deposited to the Public Administration in the management of procedures that pass before their organs. As the object of this investigation it was elected the question of linking the public administration to the fundamental right to reasonable time in order to affiliate the constitutional and infra beacons that sustain its existence even before coming into the constitution as a way to prevent the occurrence of a setback as the consequence of failure to comply with it, and to forbid the creation of constitutional and common standards in the opposite direction to this guarantee which corresponds to a negative effectiveness. To the realization of the right to the reasonable time it is also necessary to ponder the notion of reasonableness inherent to this fundamental right, leaning toward an open view resulting in the essential consideration of the particular situation presented to its proper determination in each case, considering that it is not possible to reach this notion through the simple sum of deadlines established by law in force, as the Brazilian courts have been deciding with the sole intention of observing this constitutional right, as shown in collated decisions in footnotes throughout the text and presentation of themes. Finally, grounded on the contemporary administrative law doctrine, it presents concrete solutions while streamlining to the administrative procedure, suggesting that the ordinary legislator should turn now to the means to print adequate speed to administrative procedures. It also shows the possibility of democratic control of the administrative action through the Procedural Planning Agreement (Acordo de planejamento procedimental), as a legal instrument suggested to achieve the reasonable duration of the procedure, prescribing the participation of the individual citizen in the administrative procedure.
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Keywords
Direito constitucional direito administrativo prazo razoável procedimento administrativo retrocesso razoabilidade planejamento procedimental