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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A doença inflamatória intestinal é a terminologia que engloba patologias inflamatórias crónicas, idiopáticas, no trato gastro-intestinal inferior. Nomeadamente, intestino delgado e grosso. Pode ser diferenciada em doença de crohn e colite ulcerosa. Apesar de não existir um mecanismo fisiopatológico bem caracterizado nem uma causalidade definida, actualmente sabe-se que é multifactorial. Assim sendo, a doença inflamatória intestinal resulta de uma panóplia de complexos fatores como predisposição genética e ambiental, desregulação imunológica e um desequilíbrio dos microorganismos intestinais. Cada vez mais se reconhece uma forte e estreita relação entre a microbiota intestinal e diversas patologias, inclusive esta. A microbiota intestinal humana é o conjunto de diferentes microrganismos que constituem o ecossistema intestinal. A maioria desses são bactérias e sabe-se que a sua morte, sobrevivência e desenvolvimento são influenciados por fatores como dieta, antibióticos, probióticos e prebióticos. Uma vez que a microbiota intestinal é um dos factores propícios ao desenvolvimento destas doenças inflamatórias, é importante entender as diferenças do microbioma nos indivíduos saudáveis e comparar com os indivíduos que sofrem de Doença inflamatória intestinal. Para isso recorre-se a análises metagenómicas, metataxonómicas, metabolômicas, etc. Conclui-se que existe uma relação entre uma maior biodiversidade do microbioma e a normal dinâmica imunológica no intestino. Não havendo um só microorganismo específico que cause ou que possa por si só regularizar a flora, pelo contrário, associações de espécies identificam-se como gatilhos se em concentrações propícias. Contudo, evidenciou-se que determinadas bactérias como Faecalibacterium e Bacteroidetes funcionam como auxiliares da regularização, diminuindo a inflamação devido, essencialmente, aos seus ácidos gordos de cadeia curta que inibem a progressão de mediadores inflamatórios. Numa época, onde cada vez menos ferramentas farmacotecnológicas existem para combater infecções, a área de desenvolvimento e conhecimento dos metabolitos sintetizados por microrganismos pode ser uma nova área de desenvolvimento.
An Inflammatory bowel disease is the terminology that includes chronic inflammatory conditions, idiopathic, in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Namely, small and large intestine. It can be differentiated into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Although there is no well-characterized pathophysiological mechanism or definite causality, it is known to be multifactorial. Having said that, inflammatory bowel disease results from a panoply of complex factors such as genetic and environmental predisposition, immune dysregulation and an imbalance of intestinal microorganisms. After all, the human intestinal microbiota is the set of different microorganisms that make up the intestinal ecosystem. And most of these are bacteria and their death, survival and development are known to be influenced by factors such as diet, antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics. Since the intestinal microbiota is one of the most important factors to the development of these inflammatory diseases, it is important to understand the differences of the microbiome in healthy individuals and compare it with individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. For that it is used metagenomic, metataxonomic, metabolomic analyzes, etc. We can conclude that there is a relationship between greater microbiome biodiversity and normal immune dynamics in the gut. Since there is not one specific microorganism that causes or can regulate on its own the flora. On the contrary, combinations of strains are identified as triggers if in favorable concentrations. However, it has been shown that certain bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Bacteroidetes work as regularization aid by decreasing inflammation due to short chain fatty acids that inhibit the progression of inflammatory. In short, at a time when less and less pharmacotechnological tools exist to combat infections the development knowledge of metabolites synthesized by microorganisms may be a new area of development.
An Inflammatory bowel disease is the terminology that includes chronic inflammatory conditions, idiopathic, in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Namely, small and large intestine. It can be differentiated into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Although there is no well-characterized pathophysiological mechanism or definite causality, it is known to be multifactorial. Having said that, inflammatory bowel disease results from a panoply of complex factors such as genetic and environmental predisposition, immune dysregulation and an imbalance of intestinal microorganisms. After all, the human intestinal microbiota is the set of different microorganisms that make up the intestinal ecosystem. And most of these are bacteria and their death, survival and development are known to be influenced by factors such as diet, antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics. Since the intestinal microbiota is one of the most important factors to the development of these inflammatory diseases, it is important to understand the differences of the microbiome in healthy individuals and compare it with individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. For that it is used metagenomic, metataxonomic, metabolomic analyzes, etc. We can conclude that there is a relationship between greater microbiome biodiversity and normal immune dynamics in the gut. Since there is not one specific microorganism that causes or can regulate on its own the flora. On the contrary, combinations of strains are identified as triggers if in favorable concentrations. However, it has been shown that certain bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Bacteroidetes work as regularization aid by decreasing inflammation due to short chain fatty acids that inhibit the progression of inflammatory. In short, at a time when less and less pharmacotechnological tools exist to combat infections the development knowledge of metabolites synthesized by microorganisms may be a new area of development.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019
Keywords
Doença intestinal inflamatória Microbiota Imunidade Inflamação Mestrado Integrado - 2019