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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Desde meados dos anos 60 que as migrações altamente qualificadas, frequentemente referidas pelo termo brain drain, têm adquirido progressiva relevância nas migrações internacionais. A centralidade económica e social destes movimentos tem levado muitos dos países receptores a alterarem progressivamente as suas políticas de imigração no sentido de maior abertura em relação aos segmentos de topo, criando maiores
obstáculos, em termos relativos, à entrada dos menos qualificados. No âmbito desta tendência geral nas políticas migratórias, alguns países, como a França (Visa Scientifique), a Alemanha (Green Card), o Reino Unido (Highly Skilled Migrant Programme), os EUA (Programa H-1B), o Canadá e a Austrália desenvolveram políticas específicas ou novas políticas de atracção de migrantes altamente qualificados.
Assim, apesar da eterna polémica em tomo do brain drain ou dos possíveis efeitos que estas migrações têm nos países envolvidos, nomeadamente as dificuldades criadas ao desenvolvimento dos países emissores, as migrações altamente qualificadas deram lugar não só a políticas cada vez mais selectivas como a um tipo de emigração por solicitação resultante destas políticas. Os efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento, porém, têm deixado de ser encarados de forma unilateral, acreditando-se cada vez mais na possibilidade de ganhos conjugados nos países envolvidos.
Since the mid-60s, highly skilled migrations, frequently referred to as the brain drain,have acquired increasing importance in intemational migrations. The economic and social centrality of these movements has prompted many host countries to progressive change their immigration policies, easing immigration by elites and placing obstacles in the path of less qualified workers. In accordance with this general trend in migration policies, some countries like France (Visa Scientifique), Germany (Green Card), United Kingdom (Highly Skilled Migrant Programme), USA (H-1B Programme), Canada and Austrália have developed specific programmes or new policies in order to attract highly skilled migrants. Therefore, despite on-going controversy regarding the brain drain and its possible effects on the countries involved — namely its negative consequences for the development of countries of origin — highly skilled migrations have led, not only to more selective policies but also to a demand-driven emigration. However, the impact of these migrations on development are no longer seen in a unilateral way, as the belief that mutual gains result for both parties involved is spreading.
Since the mid-60s, highly skilled migrations, frequently referred to as the brain drain,have acquired increasing importance in intemational migrations. The economic and social centrality of these movements has prompted many host countries to progressive change their immigration policies, easing immigration by elites and placing obstacles in the path of less qualified workers. In accordance with this general trend in migration policies, some countries like France (Visa Scientifique), Germany (Green Card), United Kingdom (Highly Skilled Migrant Programme), USA (H-1B Programme), Canada and Austrália have developed specific programmes or new policies in order to attract highly skilled migrants. Therefore, despite on-going controversy regarding the brain drain and its possible effects on the countries involved — namely its negative consequences for the development of countries of origin — highly skilled migrations have led, not only to more selective policies but also to a demand-driven emigration. However, the impact of these migrations on development are no longer seen in a unilateral way, as the belief that mutual gains result for both parties involved is spreading.
Description
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
Keywords
migrações migrações altamente qualificadas brain drain tecnologias de informação e comunicação desenvolvimento políticas de imigração migrations highly skilled migrations brain drain migration policies information and communication technologies development
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Sabino, Catarina Ribeiro Ruas Lopes (2003). "As novas políticas de atracção dos migrantes altamente qualificados e o desenvolvimento". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Publisher
ISEG