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Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs

2021-08Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorPearlmutter, David
dc.contributor.authorPucher, Bernhard
dc.contributor.authorCalheiros, Cristina S. C.
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann, Karin A.
dc.contributor.authorAicher, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorPinho, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorStracqualursi, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorKorolova, Alisa
dc.contributor.authorPobric, Alma
dc.contributor.authorGalvão, Ana
dc.contributor.authorTokuç, Ayça
dc.contributor.authorBas, Bilge
dc.contributor.authorTheochari, Dimitra
dc.contributor.authorMilosevic, Dragan
dc.contributor.authorGiancola, Emanuela
dc.contributor.authorBertino, Gaetano
dc.contributor.authorCastellar, Joana A. C.
dc.contributor.authorFlaszynska, Julia
dc.contributor.authorOnur, Makbulenur
dc.contributor.authorMateo, Mari Carmen Garcia
dc.contributor.authorAndreucci, Maria Beatrice
dc.contributor.authorMilousi, Maria
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Mariana
dc.contributor.authorLonardo, Sara Di
dc.contributor.authorGezik, Veronika
dc.contributor.authorPitha, Ulrike
dc.contributor.authorNehls, Thomas
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-09T15:42:01Z
dc.date.available2021-09-09T15:42:01Z
dc.date.issued2021-08
dc.description.abstractWater in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of naturebased solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Tel Aviv, cities with different climatic, architectural, and sociocultural contexts have been simulated using a verticalized ET0 approach, assessing rainwater runoff and greywater as irrigation resources. The water cycling performance of VGS in the mentioned cities would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) to 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) of all accruing rainwater roof–runoff, if water shortages in dry months are bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% of the greywater accruing in a building could be managed on its greened surface. In conclusion, we address the gaps in the current knowledge and policies identified in the different stages of analyses, such as the lack of comprehensive life cycle assessment studies that quantify the complete “water footprint” of building greening systems.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationPearlmutter, D.; Pucher, B.; Calheiros, C.S.C.; Hoffmann, K.A.; Aicher, A.; Pinho, P.; Stracqualursi, A.; Korolova, A.; Pobric, A.; Galvão, A.; et al. ClosingWater Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs. Water 2021, 13, 2165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ w13162165pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w13162165pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2073-4441
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/49497
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationCOST Action CA17133pt_PT
dc.relationProject CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000095pt_PT
dc.relation2020.03415.CEECINDpt_PT
dc.relationSUGI-FWE Nexus JPI Urban Europe, grant 16485002pt_PT
dc.relationGerman Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF FKZ:01LF1803Apt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2165pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectwater reusept_PT
dc.subjectwater managementpt_PT
dc.subjectwater cyclept_PT
dc.subjectnature-based solutionspt_PT
dc.subjectgreen roofspt_PT
dc.subjectvertical greening systemspt_PT
dc.subjectlife-cycle assessmentpt_PT
dc.subjectcircular citiespt_PT
dc.subjectbuilt environmentpt_PT
dc.subjectbuilding greeningpt_PT
dc.titleClosing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/157553/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/157867/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/157405/PT
oaire.citation.issue16pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage2165pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleWaterpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume13pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNamePinho
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier.ciencia-idF71F-47E2-67AA
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5571-9619
person.identifier.ridD-1232-2010
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36956153900
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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