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Espaços verdes urbanos, serviços dos ecossistemas e benefícios para a saúde: uma análise espacial exploratória da cidade de Lisboa
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Resumo(s)
Os espaços verdes urbanos constituem uma importante fonte de serviços dos
ecossistemas, podendo ajudar a atenuar os efeitos adversos do acentuado
crescimento populacional nos meios urbanos. Foi estudada, de forma
exploratória, a influência dos espaços verdes na saúde e bem-estar das pessoas
na cidade de Lisboa, tendo sido analisado um conjunto de variáveis ambientais,
sociodemográficas, de estruturação urbana e de saúde (nomeadamente dados
de doentes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica - ELA), através de métodos
estatísticos e de correlação espacial.
Um mapa de oferta potencial de benefícios para a saúde e bem-estar na
perspetiva dos espaços verdes urbanos foi proposto, considerando a
ponderação e variáveis selecionadas com base na Análise de Componentes
Principais realizada, a qual permitiu identificar relações negativas significativas
entre a concentração de poluentes (NO2 e PM10) e as variáveis de presença e
diversidade de espaços verdes e de vegetação (NDVI e cobertura arbórea). No
mapa resultante, a oferta potencial de benefícios é menor nas áreas centro-sul
da área de estudo, e maior nas áreas ocidental e oriental.
Através de análise estatística de regressão, foram encontradas relações
positivas com significância entre a variável da saúde, correspondente à
densidade das residências dos doentes com ELA, e a concentração média anual
de NO2 e a diversidade de tipologias de espaços verdes com aplicação do índice
de Shannon. Embora os modelos obtidos não sejam explicativos, sugerindo que
outras variáveis não analisadas possam ter influência na densidade das
residências de doentes com ELA na área de estudo, os resultados revelam,
ainda assim, a existência de dependência espacial entre as variáveis analisadas.
Em futuras investigações é recomendada a utilização de dados com maior
representatividade na área de estudo, nomeadamente da concentração de
poluentes, e a inclusão de outras variáveis, como a temperatura do ar, o que
eventualmente permitirá obter resultados mais significativos e fiáveis.
Urban green spaces are an important source of ecosystem services and may contribute to the mitigation of adverse effects that result from strong population growth in urban areas. The influence of urban green spaces on people’s health and well-being in the city of Lisbon was addressed in an exploratory way. A set of environmental, sociodemographic, urban structure and health variables (namely Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients’ data) was analyzed through statistical and spatial correlation methods. A map of potential health and well-being benefit provision regarding urban green spaces was proposed, taking into consideration the weights and variables selected based on the Principal Component Analysis performed, through which negative statistically significant relationships were found between pollutant concentration (NO2 and PM10) and the variables related to the presence and diversity of green spaces and vegetation (NDVI and tree cover density). In the resultant map, the center-southern region of the study area has the lowest benefit provision potential, and the western and eastern regions have the highest. Through statistical regression analysis, significant positive relationships were identified between the health variable, corresponding to the density of ALS patients’ residences, and the annual mean concentration of NO2 and the diversity of green space typologies with application of the Shannon Index. Although the obtained models are not explanatory and suggest that other variables not included in the analysis may have an influence on the density of ALS patient’s residences in the study area, the obtained results do indicate that there is spatial dependency between the analyzed variables. Recommendations for future studies were proposed, such as considering more detailed data for the study area, particularly regarding air pollutant concentration, and including other variables, such as air temperature, which will eventually generate more significant and trustworthy results.
Urban green spaces are an important source of ecosystem services and may contribute to the mitigation of adverse effects that result from strong population growth in urban areas. The influence of urban green spaces on people’s health and well-being in the city of Lisbon was addressed in an exploratory way. A set of environmental, sociodemographic, urban structure and health variables (namely Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients’ data) was analyzed through statistical and spatial correlation methods. A map of potential health and well-being benefit provision regarding urban green spaces was proposed, taking into consideration the weights and variables selected based on the Principal Component Analysis performed, through which negative statistically significant relationships were found between pollutant concentration (NO2 and PM10) and the variables related to the presence and diversity of green spaces and vegetation (NDVI and tree cover density). In the resultant map, the center-southern region of the study area has the lowest benefit provision potential, and the western and eastern regions have the highest. Through statistical regression analysis, significant positive relationships were identified between the health variable, corresponding to the density of ALS patients’ residences, and the annual mean concentration of NO2 and the diversity of green space typologies with application of the Shannon Index. Although the obtained models are not explanatory and suggest that other variables not included in the analysis may have an influence on the density of ALS patient’s residences in the study area, the obtained results do indicate that there is spatial dependency between the analyzed variables. Recommendations for future studies were proposed, such as considering more detailed data for the study area, particularly regarding air pollutant concentration, and including other variables, such as air temperature, which will eventually generate more significant and trustworthy results.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Espaços verdes urbanos saúde análise espacial exploratória Lisboa esclerose lateral amiotrófica