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Os adolescentes (entre os 10 e os 19 anos) são um grupo etário com elevada prevalência de Infeções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), devido aos seus fatores biológicos e socio-comportamentais. Em Portugal, os adolescentes revelam fraca adesão ao preservativo, múltiplos parceiros sexuais, deficiente educação sexual e altas taxas de reinfeção. Nesta faixa etária, a infeção genital por Chlamydia trachomatis é a IST mais prevalente, cujo curso assintomático dificulta o diagnóstico e controlo epidemiológico. Pretendeu-se rever os dados publicados de prevalência da infeção genital por Chlamydia trachomatis no grupo dos adolescentes portugueses. Nos estudos populacionais encontrados, bastante heterogéneos entre si, verificou-se uma prevalência entre 2,23% e 18,2%. As taxas de notificação portuguesas são inferiores às dos restantes países europeus e os dados oficiais nacionais não discriminam a faixa etária dos adolescentes. Entre os 15-24 anos, foram notificados 41 casos em 2015 e 56 casos em 2016. Segundo o relatório do European Centre for Disease Control, foram notificados 116 e 167 casos na mesma faixa etária, em Portugal, em 2017 e 2018, respetivamente. A compreensão da epidemiologia da infeção genital por CT nos adolescentes portugueses é impossibilitada devido ao subdiagnóstico, à subnotificação e ao não isolamento dos adolescentes nos grupos de estudo. É assim necessário um esforço conjunto a nível clínico e político para que seja possível delinear uma estratégia eficaz no combate a esta infeção nos adolescentes.
Adolescents (between 10 and 19 years old) are an age group with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), due to biological and socio-behavioral factors. In Portugal, adolescents show poor condom adherence, multiple sexual partners, poor sex education and high reinfection rates. In this age group, genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent STI, whose asymptomatic course makes diagnosis and epidemiological control difficult. The aim of this study is to review the published data on prevalence of genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis in Portuguese adolescents. In the population studies, heterogeneous among themselves, a prevalence of between 2.23%-18.2% was found. Portuguese notification rates are lower than in other European countries. National official data do not discriminate adolescents in their age ranges. Between 15-24 years old, 41 cases were identified in 2015 and 56 cases in 2016. According to the European Center for Disease Control, 116 and 167 cases from this age group were reported in Portugal in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Understanding the epidemiology of genital CT infection in Portuguese adolescents is impossible due to underdiagnosis, underreporting and non-isolation of adolescents in studied groups. A concerted effort at clinical and political level is therefore needed to devise an effective strategy to combat this infection in adolescents.
Adolescents (between 10 and 19 years old) are an age group with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI), due to biological and socio-behavioral factors. In Portugal, adolescents show poor condom adherence, multiple sexual partners, poor sex education and high reinfection rates. In this age group, genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent STI, whose asymptomatic course makes diagnosis and epidemiological control difficult. The aim of this study is to review the published data on prevalence of genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis in Portuguese adolescents. In the population studies, heterogeneous among themselves, a prevalence of between 2.23%-18.2% was found. Portuguese notification rates are lower than in other European countries. National official data do not discriminate adolescents in their age ranges. Between 15-24 years old, 41 cases were identified in 2015 and 56 cases in 2016. According to the European Center for Disease Control, 116 and 167 cases from this age group were reported in Portugal in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Understanding the epidemiology of genital CT infection in Portuguese adolescents is impossible due to underdiagnosis, underreporting and non-isolation of adolescents in studied groups. A concerted effort at clinical and political level is therefore needed to devise an effective strategy to combat this infection in adolescents.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020
Keywords
Chlamydia trachomatis Adolescentes Prevalência Portugal