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Simplificar as terapêuticas na diabetes mellitus tipo 2 : o papel dos antidiabéticos orais de associação de dose fixa
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Resumo(s)
A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) é uma doença crónica complexa e multifatorial que afeta milhões de pessoas. Caracteriza-se por hiperglicemias, condição que pode conduzir a complicações graves, afetando a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. A prevalência da DMT2 tem aumentado de forma alarmante nas últimas décadas, em grande parte devido a fatores como envelhecimento da população, obesidade e estilos de vida sedentários.
O tratamento da DMT2 envolve geralmente medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, onde se incluem alterações no estilo de vida, como dieta e exercício físico. A terapêutica inclui frequentemente antidiabéticos orais. Porém, a adesão aos regimes terapêuticos instituídos é muitas vezes baixa, o que pode ser atribuído a diversos fatores como complexidade dos esquemas terapêuticos, o custo dos medicamentos, efeitos adversos e falta de compreensão sobre a importância de manter um controlo metabólico adequado.
Neste contexto, as associações de antidiabéticos orais de dose fixa (FDC, do inglês fixed-dose combination) surgem como uma estratégia promissora para melhorar a adesão terapêutica e, consequentemente, atingir um melhor controlo glicémico. As FDC combinam dois ou mais agentes antidiabéticos numa única formulação, facilitando a administração e simplificando os esquemas posológicos.
Estudos revelaram que as FDC podem melhorar o controlo metabólico, reduzindo os níveis de HbA1c em doentes com DMT2, uma vez que têm o potencial de melhorar a adesão à terapêutica. As FDC permitem reduzir a carga diária de comprimidos, simplificando a rotina da toma de medicamentos, o que pode ser benéfico para aqueles que enfrentam dificuldades em cumprir o esquema posológico. Assim, ao simplificar os regimes terapêuticos, estas formulações promovem a adesão aos esquemas prescritos e constituem uma ajuda na obtenção de melhores resultados clínicos e consequentemente, melhor qualidade de vida. Porém, é importante salientar que as FDCs podem não se adequar a todos os doentes com DMT2, e a seleção da terapêutica deve ser adequada a cada indivíduo, com base nas suas características e necessidades.
The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and multifactorial chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It consists in hyperglycemias, a condition that can lead to severe complications and impact patient’s quality of life. The prevalence of T2DM has alarmingly increased in recent decades, largely due to factors such as population aging, increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Management of T2DM generally involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, which includes lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. Pharmacotherapy often includes oral antidiabetic drugs. However, adherence to prescribed therapeutic regimens among patients with T2DM is often low, which can be attributed to a variety of factors like the complexity of treatment plans, medication costs, adverse effects, and a lack of understanding of the importance of maintaining adequate metabolic control. In this context, fixed-dose combination (FDCs) of oral antidiabetic agents emerges as a promising strategy to improve therapeutic adherence and consequently achieve better glycemic control. FDCs combine two or more hypoglycemic drugs in a single pill, facilitating administration and simplifying dosing regimens. Studies have revealed that FDCs can improve metabolic control by reducing HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM, as they have the potential to enhance therapeutic adherence. FDCs allow a reduction in the daily pill burden, easing de medication routine, which can be beneficial for those who struggle to comply with complex dosing schedules. By simplifying therapeutic regimens, these formulations promote adherence to the prescribed regimens and contribute to better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life. However, it is important to note that FDCs may not be suitable for all patients with T2DM, and treatment selection should be tailored to each individual based on their characteristics and needs.
The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and multifactorial chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It consists in hyperglycemias, a condition that can lead to severe complications and impact patient’s quality of life. The prevalence of T2DM has alarmingly increased in recent decades, largely due to factors such as population aging, increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Management of T2DM generally involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures, which includes lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. Pharmacotherapy often includes oral antidiabetic drugs. However, adherence to prescribed therapeutic regimens among patients with T2DM is often low, which can be attributed to a variety of factors like the complexity of treatment plans, medication costs, adverse effects, and a lack of understanding of the importance of maintaining adequate metabolic control. In this context, fixed-dose combination (FDCs) of oral antidiabetic agents emerges as a promising strategy to improve therapeutic adherence and consequently achieve better glycemic control. FDCs combine two or more hypoglycemic drugs in a single pill, facilitating administration and simplifying dosing regimens. Studies have revealed that FDCs can improve metabolic control by reducing HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM, as they have the potential to enhance therapeutic adherence. FDCs allow a reduction in the daily pill burden, easing de medication routine, which can be beneficial for those who struggle to comply with complex dosing schedules. By simplifying therapeutic regimens, these formulations promote adherence to the prescribed regimens and contribute to better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life. However, it is important to note that FDCs may not be suitable for all patients with T2DM, and treatment selection should be tailored to each individual based on their characteristics and needs.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Associações de dose fixa Adesão Agentes hipoglicémicos Mestrado Integrado -2023