A Comprehensive Review of Fish Protein Hydrolysates Targeting Pet Food Formulations

The fish industry generates significant amounts of fish by- and co-products (FBCPs) annually, projected to reach 160.8 million tonnes by 2030. This growth highlights the urgent need for sustainable FBCP management and an oppor- tunity to improve the sector’s environmental sustainability. Fish protein hydro- lysates (FBCPHs) and bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from these FBCPs are gaining recognition in the pet food sector for their nutritional and bioactives benefits. FBCPHs, primarily sourced from category 3 by-products unsuitable for human consumption, could significantly enhance the economic viability of both industries. This review analyzes production processes, highlighting the benefits and challenges of enzymatic hydrolysis and reviewed emerging technologies such as subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH), which are promising sustainable alternatives by enhancing extraction efficiency and reducing energy consumption. The review explores FBCPHs’ applications in pet food, focusing on beneficial biological activities (e.g. antioxidant, prebiotic, neuro- protective). Findings show FBCPHs have significant potential in pet food formulations, providing palatability, hypoallergenic benefits, and addressing health concerns like gastrointestinal disorders and stress-related behaviors. However, further research is required to optimize production processes, scale industrial application, and ensure regulatory compliance. In conclusion, FBCPHs present a valuable solution for promoting sustainability, improving pet nutrition, and supporting the circular economy

Keywords

Bioactive peptides companion animals animal nutrition fish waste valorization sustainable ingredients bioactive ingredients

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/102623

Citation

Tânia Bragança Ribeiro, Margarida R. G. Maia, António J. M. Fonseca, Bianca Marques, Cristina Caleja, Ana Rosa, Rui Martins, André Almeida, Maria J. Mota, Tiago Aires, Cristina M. R. Rocha, José A. Teixeira, Ana R. J. Cabrita, Lillian Barros & Manuela Pintado (2025) A Comprehensive Review of Fish Protein Hydrolysates Targeting Pet Food Formulations, Food Reviews International, 41:5, 1321-1359, DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2024.2430660