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A vítima de crime e o seu direito à ação e ao processo penal justo
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho tem como escopo contribuir para o desenvolvimento científico do fenômeno da redescoberta da vítima, apresentando como parâmetro o processo penal do Estado Democrático de Direito. Para tanto, parte de uma análise histórica dos modelos de processo penal, e passa, a título ilustrativo, pela atual configuração do processo penal alemão, português e brasileiro, até chegar à concepção de que a constitucionalização do processo penal, somada à denominada “convencionalização” dos direitos e garantias judiciais, exige alteração na postura dos legisladores, doutrinadores e aplicadores do Direito Processual Penal no que diz respeito aos interesses da vítima de crime, notadamente naquilo que se refere ao seu acesso à tutela jurisdicional efetiva e ao seu direito ao processo devido, justo e equitativo.
Com base na compreensão de que a sua temática requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, visitam-se outros enfoques, procurando contribuir para aquilo que a doutrina penalista chama de “ciência conjunta do Direito Penal”. Os questionamentos e as proposições levadas a efeito no decorrer deste trabalho têm o intuito de melhor fundamentar a legitimidade da participação efetiva da vítima no processo, na busca de concretizar seus interesses indenizatórios e/ou persecutórios, sem que disso resulte em ilegítimo retrocesso naquilo que tange aos direitos e garantias já amplamente assegurados ao arguido. Com estofo em uma pesquisa da literatura jurídica, das normas imperativas advindas do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e da legislação processual penal brasileira, portuguesa e alemã, o trabalho propõe, enfim, uma evolução na compreensão do Direito Processual Penal contemporâneo, de modo a torná-lo mais compatível com o respeito à dignidade da pessoa vítima de crime. O trabalho denomina esse avanço de “outra face da humanização do processo penal”.
This paper aims to contribute to the scientific development of what it calls the phenomenon of the rediscovery of the victim. The work has as its parameter the criminal procedure of the Democratic State of Law. For this purpose, it starts from a historical analysis of the models of criminal procedure, and goes on, as an illustration, through the current configuration of the German, Portuguese and Brazilian criminal procedure, until reaching the conception that the constitutionalization of the criminal procedure, added to the so-called "conventionalization" of the judicial rights and guarantees, demands a change in the posture of legislators, scholars and applicators of the Criminal Procedural Law regarding the interests of the crime victim, notably in what concerns the access to effective judicial protection and the right to a due, fair and equitable process. Based on the understanding that the topic requires a multidisciplinary approach, the work also visits other approaches, seeking to contribute to what the penal doctrine calls the “joint science of Criminal Law”. The questions and propositions put forward in the course of this work seek to contribute to better substantiate the legitimacy of the effective participation of the victim in the process, in the search for the realization of the victim's compensatory and/or persecutory interests, without this resulting in an illegitimate setback in what concerns the rights and guarantees already widely assured to the accused. Based on a survey of legal literature, of the imperative norms derived from International Human Rights Law and from Brazilian, Portuguese and German criminal procedural legislation, the paper proposes an evolution in the understanding of contemporary criminal procedural law in order to make it more compatible with respect for the dignity of the person who is a victim of crime. The paper calls this advance “another face of the humanization of the criminal procedure”.
This paper aims to contribute to the scientific development of what it calls the phenomenon of the rediscovery of the victim. The work has as its parameter the criminal procedure of the Democratic State of Law. For this purpose, it starts from a historical analysis of the models of criminal procedure, and goes on, as an illustration, through the current configuration of the German, Portuguese and Brazilian criminal procedure, until reaching the conception that the constitutionalization of the criminal procedure, added to the so-called "conventionalization" of the judicial rights and guarantees, demands a change in the posture of legislators, scholars and applicators of the Criminal Procedural Law regarding the interests of the crime victim, notably in what concerns the access to effective judicial protection and the right to a due, fair and equitable process. Based on the understanding that the topic requires a multidisciplinary approach, the work also visits other approaches, seeking to contribute to what the penal doctrine calls the “joint science of Criminal Law”. The questions and propositions put forward in the course of this work seek to contribute to better substantiate the legitimacy of the effective participation of the victim in the process, in the search for the realization of the victim's compensatory and/or persecutory interests, without this resulting in an illegitimate setback in what concerns the rights and guarantees already widely assured to the accused. Based on a survey of legal literature, of the imperative norms derived from International Human Rights Law and from Brazilian, Portuguese and German criminal procedural legislation, the paper proposes an evolution in the understanding of contemporary criminal procedural law in order to make it more compatible with respect for the dignity of the person who is a victim of crime. The paper calls this advance “another face of the humanization of the criminal procedure”.
Description
Keywords
Processo penal Processo justo Vítima de crime Direito à ação Direitos humanos Criminal procedure Fair (due) process Crime victim Right of action Human rights