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Caracterização da qualidade do sono em idosos institucionalizados
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As alterações do sono são frequentemente observadas nos idosos, particularmente nos idosos institucionalizados, sendo que, o processo de institucionalização poderá contribuir por aumentar as dificuldades no sono. No presente trabalho pretendeu-se estudar quais os fatores psicossociais, condições médicas, hábitos comportamentais, que podem interferir com a qualidade do sono nos idosos institucionalizados. Para o efeito, num total de 100 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, selecionaram-se duas amostras: a primeira amostra (N= 50) corresponde aos idosos institucionalizados (grupo alvo) e a segunda amostra (N= 50) corresponde aos idosos não institucionalizados (grupo de controlo). Foram usados os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: um questionário, a escala de Pittsburgh (PSQI) para avaliar a qualidade do sono, a escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) para a avaliar a sonolência diurna e a escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) para avaliar a depressão na população idosa.
Neste estudo verificou-se que os idosos institucionalizados apresentavam uma pior qualidade do sono (PSQItotal= 12,86) comparativamente aos idosos pertencentes ao grupo de controlo (PSQItotal= 10,84). Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p > 0,05) na sonolência diurna e na sintomatologia depressiva. Os idosos institucionalizados apresentaram níveis superiores de sonolência diurna (ESE= 6,02), em relação ao grupo de controlo (ESE= 3,18), assim como os sintomas depressivos, foram mais elevados no grupo de idosos institucionalizados (GDS= 12,32) em comparação aos idosos do grupo de controlo (GDS= 9,90).
Verificou-se ainda a existência de uma correlação negativa estatisticamente significativa, entre a qualidade do sono e a qualidade de vida (p <0,01). Além disso, observou-se uma correlação positiva, entre a qualidade do sono e o nível de dor física (p <0,01), a sonolência diurna (ESE) (p <0,01) e a sintomatologia depressiva (GDS) (p <0,01).
Com os resultados obtidos no nosso estudo, foi possível identificar fatores como, o ruído, doenças cardiovasculares, ansiolíticos, sedativos e hipnóticos e anti-inflamatórios, a sonolência diurna, como preditores que influenciam a qualidade do sono nos idosos institucionalizados.
Changes in sleep patterns can frequently be found among the elderly people, particularly the ones who are institutionalized, fact that can contribute to the increase of sleep difficulties. In the present work, the aim is to study which psychosocial factors, medical condition or behaviours that can interfere with the quality of sleep of the institutionalized elderly. For reaching out that objective two groups of samples were selected out of 100 elderly people aged 65 or over: the first sample (N = 50) comprises institutionalized elderly people (target group) and the second sample ( N= 50) includes non-institutionalized elderly people (control group). The following assessment tools were used: a questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure the quality of sleep; the Epworth Sleepiness Scale so as to assess daytime sleepiness; and the Geriatric Depression Scale, in order to better understand depression in the elderly population. In this study, it could be verified that elderly people who are institutionalized show poorer sleep quality levels (PSQItotal= 12,86), when compared to elderly people in the control group (PSQItotal= 10,84). Considerable statistical differences (p > 0,05) could be found in the daytime sleepiness and symptoms of depression. Institutionalized elderly people exhibited superior levels of daytime sleepiness (ESE= 6,02), when compared to the control group (ESE= 3,18). Symptoms of depression were also higher in the group of institutionalized elderly people (GDS= 12,32 versus GDS= 9,90 in the control group). It was also noted, a relevant statistical negative correlation between the quality of sleep and quality of life (p <0,01). Besides, it was observed a positive correlation between the quality of sleep and the levels of physical pain (p <0,01), daytime sleepiness (ESE) (p <0,01) and symptoms of depression (GDS) (p <0,01). The findings of this study made it possible to identify predictive factors that influence the quality of sleep in institutionalized elderly people, such as noise, cardiovascular diseases, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotic drugs, anti-inflammatory and daytime sleepiness.
Changes in sleep patterns can frequently be found among the elderly people, particularly the ones who are institutionalized, fact that can contribute to the increase of sleep difficulties. In the present work, the aim is to study which psychosocial factors, medical condition or behaviours that can interfere with the quality of sleep of the institutionalized elderly. For reaching out that objective two groups of samples were selected out of 100 elderly people aged 65 or over: the first sample (N = 50) comprises institutionalized elderly people (target group) and the second sample ( N= 50) includes non-institutionalized elderly people (control group). The following assessment tools were used: a questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure the quality of sleep; the Epworth Sleepiness Scale so as to assess daytime sleepiness; and the Geriatric Depression Scale, in order to better understand depression in the elderly population. In this study, it could be verified that elderly people who are institutionalized show poorer sleep quality levels (PSQItotal= 12,86), when compared to elderly people in the control group (PSQItotal= 10,84). Considerable statistical differences (p > 0,05) could be found in the daytime sleepiness and symptoms of depression. Institutionalized elderly people exhibited superior levels of daytime sleepiness (ESE= 6,02), when compared to the control group (ESE= 3,18). Symptoms of depression were also higher in the group of institutionalized elderly people (GDS= 12,32 versus GDS= 9,90 in the control group). It was also noted, a relevant statistical negative correlation between the quality of sleep and quality of life (p <0,01). Besides, it was observed a positive correlation between the quality of sleep and the levels of physical pain (p <0,01), daytime sleepiness (ESE) (p <0,01) and symptoms of depression (GDS) (p <0,01). The findings of this study made it possible to identify predictive factors that influence the quality of sleep in institutionalized elderly people, such as noise, cardiovascular diseases, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotic drugs, anti-inflammatory and daytime sleepiness.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicopatologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2018
Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento Idosos institucionalizados Qualidade do sono Institucionalização Fatores psicossociais Teses de mestrado - 2018